WPC8 -d~1|n δ}_6$?v. |D̨K=Ҁ3i'V(9a3w8/%nwM*dA9'픳IZ]8 ҉;mA8 ~zV# dQGݸ^%I㴸K*#y.M([U ˊ#r7wN"fӀd8MeMe"Xnxޙ{uve>IzN% o;]I9ДfOeśA&ȅkM{@}f-7HmwS7.sN1τ_Tո`7_p3bW".M\,7ɷۢyv-P[\J;oZ&  t9%i2 m1Wk4|€9\B x {?ΏNYٌ׼VUvdnNߊe:kX ~,pEy٬ghHŵ\(_!', %ZH-L%#*U3N %A 0(GUHoU=>U4U`@) 1ui 72N^ w4"6E mG 0U^ 0c 0 0 0 0k 0 0 0r 0 0'N 0 0 0 03 0 0{ 0 0 0:! 0! 0}" 0E# 0# 0$ 01% D+% 0% 0& 0' 0<''''''''' 0'' 0D]( 0 1(((((((((((((((((((((( C((( 06((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((((( 0")")")")")")") 0*** 0* 0 + 0---- 0 ^/^/^/^/^/^/^/^/^/^/^/^/^/^/^/^/^/^/^/^/^/^/^/^/^/^/^/^/^/^/^/^/^/^/lj0N0v$1R1`1zL2b2j(3V3j333333333333333zR4b4j.5j5j6jl6j6j@7j7\\gondor\5_IT_HPLJ4100N0(9 Z6Times New Roman RegularX($ \  `0Times New Roman PSMT\  `&Times New Roman2@p*`Minion Pro(9 Z(Times New Roman 3#37=CIQYag1.a.i.(1)(a)(i)1)a) i)W4 ,r23|x5U*+ (_2623  ..(;3$2#  0  .3  0  *D+D (_25   ," <DL,23  ..," <DL,   *5+5 (_24  ) <DL)23  ..) <DL)  *2+2 (_23 ` &<<DL&23  ..&<<DL& ` */+/ (_22  #DL#23  ..#DL#  *,+, (_21   DL 23  .. DL  *)+) (_20 h DDL23  ..DDL h *&+& (_19  L23  ..L  *#+# (_18   L23  .. L  (O$*>> (_17  2( 4 <DL223  Ԁ2( 4 <DL2  *DD (_16   ," <DL,23  Ԁ," <DL,   *55 (_15  ) <DL)23  Ԁ) <DL)  *22 (_14 ` &<<DL&23  Ԁ&<<DL& ` *// (_13  #DL#23  Ԁ#DL#  *,, (_12   DL 23  Ԁ DL  *)) (_11 h DDL23  ԀDDL h *&& (_10  L23  ԀL  (## &_9   L23  Ԁ L  (>> &_8  2( 4 <DL223  2( 4 <DL2  (DD &_7   ," <DL,23  ," <DL,   (55 &_6  ) <DL)23  ) <DL)  (22 &_5 ` &<<DL&23  &<<DL& ` (// &_4  #DL#23  #DL#  (,, &_3   DL 23   DL  'dxd()) &_2 h DDL23  DDL h (&& &_1  L23  L  &## $_   L23   L  <:Default Para(;(3{$ !  XX    0  (%$  1  0.Normaldd0.Strong <SS@:QuickFormat1XXX  cb  XXX  cb  .bb,spip1   2( 4 <DL2XXX  2( 4 <DL2  <bb:Normal (Web)   2( 4 <DL2XXX  2( 4 <DL2  20Default   2( 4 <DL2 FR XXXI2@p*`Minion ProIS\  `&Times New RomanS US   2( 4 <DL2  *(Pa6   2( 4 <DL2 FR XXXI2@p*`Minion ProIS\  `&Times New RomanS US   2( 4 <DL2  *vl(A10^^^] \  `0Times New Roman PSMT]S\  `&Times New RomanShttp://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/americas/4085201.stmhttp://www.law.miami.edu/news/368.htmlhttp://usinfo.state.gov/wh/Archive/2004/Oct/28-438053.htmlhttp://haitisupport.gn.apc.org/Oct04.htmhttp://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/americas/3709378.stmhttp://www.cpj.org/Briefings/2004/haiti_7_04/haiti_7_04.htmlhttp://www.haitiaction.net/News/IJDH/7_26_4.htmlhttp://web.amnesty.org/library/Index/ENGAMR360382004http://web.amnesty.org/pages/hti-index-enghttp://www.freepress.org/dispatches/2004/display/154http://www.paxchristiusa.org/news_statements_more.asp?id=889http://www.quixote.org/hr/misc/ob-miss-mar04.pdfhttp://hrw.org/english/docs/2004/03/22/haiti8149.htmhttp://hrw.org/english/docs/2004/03/03/haiti7862.htmhttp://hrw.org/english/docs/2004/03/01/haiti7772.htmhttp://hrw.org/english/docs/2004/02/27/haiti7682.htmhttp://hrw.org/english/docs/2004/02/26/usdom7674.htmhttp://hrw.org/english/docs/2004/02/24/haiti7654.htmhttp://hrw.org/english/docs/2004/02/14/haiti7476.htm !  _ XXXX8XXdd8   ` #XXXX.#XXXXXX #XX#XX  #XX-##XXXX#XXXXXX  INDEX#XX闾##XXXX؟#XXXXXXԀOF  #XXS#XXDOCUMENTATION#XX闭##XXXX4#XX    #XX##XXXX>#XXXXXXFOR#XX##XXXX#XX  h #XXK#XXHAITIANASYLUMCASES#XX#XX#j# b  #Y##XX##XXXXذ#XXXX  Preparedbythe#XXXX#XXXX D    #XXXXw#XXXXHarvardImmigrationandRefugeeClinic 0  #XXXX#XXXXԄ#XXXXX#XXXXand#XXXX؜#XXXXԄ#XXXX#XXXX l  WomensRefugeeProjectofGreaterBostonLegalServices#XXXX%#XXXX X  #XXXXظ#XXXXonbehalfofHaitianasylumseekers #XXXX #XXXX D  #XXXXw #XXXX#XXXX #XXXX#XXXX" #XXXX#XXXXe #XXXXThefollowingisacomprehensiveannotatedIndexofDocumentationforuseinHaitianasylum  applicationstocorroborateHaitiancountryconditions.Itissuggestedthatadvocatesand/or | asylumseekersusethearticleswhichbestsupporttheirindividualclaims,createtheirown h annotatedindex,anddownloadtheappropriatearticles.Pleasebeawarethatthefollowingindex T ofdocumentationismerelyacompilationandisbynomeansacompleteindexofallavailable @  documentation.#XXXXب #XXXXAspecialthankstothestudents,volunteers,staffandadvocateswhohave ,!| contributedtothecompilationofthisindex.#XXXX6 #XXXXԀ#XXXX#XXXX "h     #XXXXK#XXXX   `     h   #XXXXؼ#XXXX#XXXXI#XXXX#XXXX،# XXXX#XXXX#XXXX  Packet#3of4(#XXXX#XXXXarticlesfrom#XXXXv#XXXXJanuary1,2004toDecember31,2004#XXXX#XXXX) x)$      #XXXX,#XXXXCurrentThrough:January29,2006#XXXX؝#XXXX P+&" 5#XXXX#XXXX <,'# "3"  32#  1  .3  0    AmnestyInternational, UrgentAction:Haiti:Fearforsafety/unlawfulkillings,  (20December2004).  http://_www.web.amnesty.org_/library/Index/ENGAMR360632004?open&of=ENG-36  03݌t(#(# Ќ  0  Aprisonriotonthenightof1Decemberleft10prisonersdeadandaround40 L  injured,accordingtoofficialfigures,butinmateshaveclaimedthatmanymore 8  died,andthatguardswere"executing"prisoners.Visitstotheprisonhave $ t beenseverelyrestricted,makingthetruesituationverydifficulttoassess.  ` Prisonerswhohavespokentojournalistsarefearedtobeatriskofreprisals  L  fromprisonguards.   h  8 (#(# 0   (#(# 0  Thedirectorofthenationalpoliceannouncedon6Decemberthattherewouldbe   aninvestigationintotheriot.However,hegavenodetails,andthreeweeks   aftertheriotnoofficialinformationhasbeenmadepublic,noteventhelist   ofcasualties.Thismeansthatprisoners'familiesstilldonotknowwhether   theirrelativesarealiveornot.p(#(#   "3"  <( 4 <DLX< 32#  2  .3  0    BBCNews,HannahHennessy, Haiti:Anationstillonedge,(December10,2004). H 4ctO  5  http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/americas/4085201.stm6 Oert  7ufK3D݌4(#(# Ќ  0  Streetvendorsstillsurroundthemainsquare,nearthenationalpalace,astheydidinmore  \ peacefultimes.Buttheyknowtheyrisktheirlivesiftheycomehere.Everyday,thispart H ofPort-au-Princeechoeswithgunfire.4(#(# 0  0` (#(# ` (#` (# 0  SincetheendofSeptember,hundredsofpeoplehavebeenkilledorinjuredinarising   tideofpoliticalandgangviolenceinHaiti'scapital._Kidnapings_,shootingsand  _beheadings_Ԁarenotuncommon.(#(# 0  0` (#(# ` (#` (# 0  Armedgangs,knownaschimeres,loyaltotheoustedPresidentJeanBertrandAristideare l thoughttoberesponsibleformanyofthekillings.Theytakeadvantageofcramped X  conditionsandintermittentelectricitysuppliestohidefrompoliceandUNtroopsinsome D! oftheslumareasofthecity. 0" (#(#   "3"  32#  3  .3  0    _CNN.com_, AmnestycondemnsHaitishumanrightsfailures,(November11, $X" 2004).3 ݌$D #(#(# Ќ  0  RightsgroupAmnestyInternationalonThursdaycondemnedwhatitsaidweresummary &"% executionsbypolice,serioushumanrightsabusesandanalarmingnumberofillegal '#& detentionsinHaiti.(#'(#(# 0   (#(# 0  TheblastfromtheLondonbasedwatchdogaddedtocomplaintstheU.S.baked |*%) governmentispersecutingsupportersofAristide.h+&*(#(# _0   (#(# 0  TheLatortuegovernmenthasblamedAristideandhisLavalasFamilypartyforfomenting  asurgeinviolencethathaskilledatleast170peoplesinceearlySeptemberandwhich  threatensthesuccessoftheBrazilianledU.N.peacemission.t(#(# 0   (#(# 0  Amnestysaiditreceivedinformationonatleast11summaryexecutions,includingseven L  peoplekilledbypoliceintheFortNationalslumofPortauPrinceonOctober26.8 (#(#    `     h "3"  3%2#  4  .3  0    AmnestyInternational, Haiti:AmnestyInternationalcallsonthetransitional  ` governmenttosetupanindependentcommissionofenquiryintosummary  L  executionsattributedtomembersoftheHaitianNationalPolice,(November11,  8  2004). $  http://web.amnesty.org/library/Index/ENGAMR360602004?open&of=ENG-2M53%&&݌ (#(# Ќ  0  Attheendofan18dayvisittothecountry,AmnestyInternationalhasconcludedthat   thereareseriousproblemswiththefunctioningofthejusticesystemingeneralandthe   functioningofthepoliceinparticular.Theseproblemsmustbeaddressedurgentlybythe p transitionalgovernment.\(#(# 0   (#(# 0  AmnestyInternationalisdeeplyconcernedatreportsobtainedfromindependentsources 4 ofserioushumanrightsviolationssuchasarbitraryarrests,illtreatmentindetention  p centresandextrajudicialexecutionscarriedoutbymembersoftheHaitianNational  \ Police(PoliceNationaledHa5ti).H(#(# 0   (#(# 0  Theorganizationhasreceiveddetailedreportsofincidentsinwhichindividualsdressed   inblack,wearingbalaclavasandtravellingincarswithNationalPolicemarkingshave   beenimplicatedinkillingswhichhavecostthelivesofatleast11peopleoverthepast  twoweeks.(#(# 0  0` (#(# ` (#` (# 0  AmnestyInternationalrecognizesthedifficultiescurrentlyfacingthetransitional l government,manyofwhicharethelegacyoftheactionsofthepreviousgovernmentof X  JeanBertrandAristide.However,theorganizationbelievesthatnoneofthesedifficulties D! canbeusedbystateofficialstojustifythecarryingoutofhumanrightsviolationswith 0"  completeimpunity. <( 4 <DLX<#l!(#(# "3"  3/2#  5  .3  0    CenterfortheStudyofHumanRights,UniversityofMiamiSchoolofLaw, Haiti: $D # HumanRightsInvestigations,(November1121,2004). %0!$ 4uO  5  Uhttp://www.law.miami.edu/news/368.html60O0gnu  7rm+13//݌&"%(#(# Ќ    <( 4 <DLX<FRUS.,XXXXX4XXXX4XXX4X4XXX4XXXX4  #XXXXg#XXXX.2  USFR.,.23݌̌XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXUS.,US.,US.,US.,US.,US.,US.,US.,   XX   FR.,US.,3 UKFR.,0  FR.,UK.,Q5UKFR.,InresponsetoreportsofhundredsofpoliticalprisonersFR.,UK.,5^y\XX^ \\^y^ \ \^^ \ \^^y\ \^  XX\^y#XXXXo3#XXXXUKFR.,ԀFR.,UK.,75XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX  UKFR.,Ԅarrestedforsuspectedsupport (#' oftheelected,constitutionalgovernmentorforcriticismoftheinterimgovernmentthe )$( investigatorsvisitedprisonersintwojails,andspokewitharespecteddefenselawyer.FR.,UK.,M8UKFR., |*%) FR.,UK.,w9UKFR.,Theinvestigatorsmaderepeatedvisitstothesingle,9feetby9feetjailcellattheHNP h+&* AntiGangUnitheadquartersacrossfromtheNationalPalace.Onthefirstvisit,there  were42prisonersinthecell,somealreadythereforaslongas30days.Nonehadbeen  broughtbeforeamagistrate,asrequiredwithin48hoursofarrestundertheHaitian  Constitution.AllstatedtheywerearrestedforsupportingLavalas.Allappearedtobe t extremelyimpoverishedandmanyhadnoshoesorshirts.`(#(#  FR.,UK.,9UKFR.,0  Severaloftheprisonersappearedtohavebeenbeatenandwereseverelyinjured,and  d nonehadbeenFR.,UK.,}<UKFR.,seenbyanymedicalprofessionals.Afterinvestigatorscomplaintsand  P callstotheRedCross,someprisonersFR.,UK.,,=UKFR.,ԀFR.,UK.,=UKFR.,weremovedtotheNationalPenitentiary.About30  < remainedinthecellattheendoftheinvestigationperiod.FR.,UK., >UKFR.,ԀFR.,UK.,>UKFR.,PrisonersattheAntiGang  ( unit,likethoseinothersmalldetentionfacilities,receivetheironlyfoodfromfamily    memberswhoareallowedtovisitatthecelldooreachmorning.Forbathingandtoilet   use,policetakeprisonersoutofthecellingroupsoffour,onceadayinthemorning.FR.,UK.,>UKFR.,Ԁ (#(# 0  FR.,UK.,p@UKFR., (#(# FR.,UK.,@UKFR.,0  JeanMarieSamedi,apopularnonviolentLavalasleader,wasobservedinthecell t  throughouttheinvestigationFR.,UK., AUKFR.,ԀFR.,UK.,AUKFR.,period.Hehadinjuriestohishead,oneeye,oneear,andhis `  backduetopolicebeatings.FR.,UK.,AUSFR.,HehadbeenFR.,US.,BUKFR.,stoppedbypolice,beaten,andarrestedon L November11,2004,inBelAir,whileridingonascooterFR.,UK.,BUKFR.,Ԁ[8]FR.,UK.,iCUKFR.,   x 8(#(# FR.,UK.,CUSFR.,  <( 4 <DLX<FRUS.,FRFR.,FRFR.,FRFR.,XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX4XXXX4XXX4X4XXX4XXXX4  #XXXX6# $D  FR.,FR.,DUSFR.,XXXX0   FR.,US.,YFUKFR.,  OnSunday,November14,theinvestigatorsmetwithFatherGrardJeanJuste,themost ` wellknownpoliticalprisoneratthetime,attheOmegaPrison,inCarrefour,twodays L afterhehadmadehisfirstappearancebeforeamagistrate.Hewasingoodspiritsand 8 hopefulaboutthejudgesdecision.Hepraisedthejudgeforhisfairness.Fr.JeanJuste $ statedthathewassubjectedtoquestionsincluding(1)whereheobtainsthemoneyforhis  soupkitchenforpoorchildren,(2)whetherhehasbeenspeakingtoAristide,(3)whether  hebelievesthatAristideshouldbereturnedtooffice,(4)whetherhesupportsthecurrent  Latortuegovernment,(4)whetherhesupportsgroupsthatcallforAristidesreturn,and  (5)whetherhesupportsviolence.$D F݌p(#(# ЌXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXUS.,UK.,US.,US.,US.,US.,US.,US.,   XX     <( 4 <DLX<FRUS.,FRFR.,FRFR.,FRFR.,XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX4XXXX4XXX4X4XXX4XXXX4  #XXXXkF#XXXX0  GL  FR.,FR.,FUKFR.,DefenseattorneyMarioJosephcurrentlyrepresentsapproximately60ofthemosthigh $t profilepoliticalprisoners.Josephcontendsthathisclientswerearbitrarilyarrestedand  ` heldonfalsechargesduetotheirsupportforLavalasorforthereturnofthe  L constitutionalgovernment.AmongthepoliticalprisonersareelectedofficialsFR.,UK.,NUKFR.,[8]FR.,UK.,KPUKFR.,ԀAtthe !8 timeoftheinterview,November21,2004,onlyfourofthesixtyhadbeenbroughtbefore "$ amagistrateasrequiredunderHaitianlaw.FR.,UK.,}P^y\XX^y\\^y^y\\^y^y\\^y^ \\^y^ \ \^^ \ \^^y\ \^  #^y\\^y6#XX\^y#XXXX-N#XXXXUKFR.,15FR.,UK.,R]QXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX  UKFR.,Therighttopetitionforwritofhabeas #  corpusattachedtoeachprisonerundertheHaitianConstitution.However,accordingto $! AttorneyJoseph,noneofhisclientshadtheirpetitionsgrantedandmanyjudgeshad % " simplyprohibitedtheexerciseoftherighttopetition.GLXN݌&!#(#(# ЌXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXUS.,UK.,US.,US.,US.,US.,US.,US.,   XX   FR.,US.,>TUSFR.,  <( 4 <DLX<FRUS.,FRFR.,FRFR.,FRFR.,XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX4XXXX4XXX4X4XXX4XXXX4  #XXXXR#XXXX 0  W  FR.,FR.,WUSFR., ` DefenseattorneyWY݌8(#$(#(# ЌXXXXXXXXUS.,US.,   XX   0  FR.,US.,ZUKFR.,0` (#(#MarioJosephcurrentlyrepresentsapproximately60ofthemosthighprofile $)t$% politicalprisoners:FR.,UK.,&[UKFR.,*`%&` (#` (# 0  FR.,UK.,[UKFR., ` YvonNeptune*L&'(#(# 0   ` formerPrimeMinister+8'((#(# 0   ` JocelermePrivert(#(# 0   ` formerInteriorMinister(#(# 0   ` GeraldGilles(#(# 0   ` YvonFeuillt(#(# 0   ` formerSenators`(#(# 0   ` RudyHrivauxL (#(# 0   ` ParliamentaryDeputy8 (#(# 0   ` Anne SAAnnAuguste$ t(#(# 0  FR.,UK.,1\USFR., ` folksingerandactivist `(#(# 0   ` FatherJeanJuste L (#(# 0   ` Catholicpriest 8 (#(# 0   ` JeanMarieSamedi$ (#(# 0   ` Lavalasactivist (#(# FR.,US.,4_USFR.,  <( 4 <DLX<FRUS.,FRFR.,FRFR.,FRFR.,XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX4XXXX4XXX4X4XXX4XXXX4  #XXXX؉Y#XXXX0  `  FR.,FR.,`USFR.,06DLX0`b݌ (#(# ЌXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXUS.,US.,US.,US.,  $ X6X$   0  [8]Astothecurrentrashofwarrantlessarrestsandreportsthathundredsofprisoners   havenotappearedbeforeajudge,Vixamarstatedthat prosecutorsandmagistratesare   frequentlytooafraidtocometowork.Healsostatedthat allprisonersinHaitiare p seeingmagistrates.VixamardeniedthatthereareanypoliticalFR.,US., cUKFR.,prisonersinHaiti.FR.,UK.,&fUKFR., \ FR.,UK.,ffUKFR.,InvestigatorsaskedaboutthethreeLavalaspartyparliamentarianswhohadbeenrecently H arrestedwithoutwarrantswhilespeakingataradiostation,twoofwhomwerethenin 4 jail.Vixamarreplied, itwasunfortunatethattheywerearrestedwhilespeaking,but  p claimedthatbecausetheparliamentarianswereenflagrantedelictoatthetimeoftheir  \ arrests,theconstitutiondidnotrequirewarrants.Askedwhatcrimetheywerecommitting H whilespeakingattheradiostation,Vixamarstated, weaFR.,UK.,fUKFR.,ponswerefoundFR.,UK.,3iUKFR.,intheircar.FR.,UK.,oiUKFR.,4(#(#   "3"    W,R4$X dd W<( 4 <DLX< 3i2#  6  .3  0    OAS,FR.,UK.,iUKFR., FR.,UK.,4kUKFR.,OrganizationofAmericanStatesCondemnsRecentViolenceinHaiti:FR.,UK.,dkUKFR.,OAS   CommissionUrgesActiontoEnsureSecurityofHaitianPopulation,(FR.,UK.,kUKFR.,October28,  2004).4iep O  5  I1http://usinfo.state.gov/wh/Archive/2004/Oct/28-438053.html6lOl  7ieXl3ij݌(#(# Ќ  FR.,UK.,^lUKFR.,FR.,UK.,nUSFR.,  <( 4 <DLX<XXXXXXXX  W,R4$X ddlW0  Zn  FR.,US.,HnUKFR.,InanOctober28statement,theOASInterAmericanCommissiononHumanRightssaid l thoseurgentstepsincludedisarmingillegallyarmedgroupsinHaitiandinvestigating, X  prosecutingandpunishing"thoseresponsibleforkillingsandotheratrocities,regardless D! ofwhomayberesponsible."FR.,UK.,oUSFR.,Zno݌0" (#(# ЌXXXXXXXX   XX   W,R4$X dd#4W0  FR.,US.,DqUKFR.,TheatrocitiesincludedanincidentonSeptember30inwhichtwoHaitianpoliceofficers #4! werereportedlyshottodeathandbeheaded,thecommissionsaid.FR.,UK.,rUKFR.,   x $ "(#(# FR.,UK.,es"3"  USFR.,<( 4 <DLX< 3s2#  7  .3  0    HaitiSupportGrouppressrelease,FR.,US.,sUSFR.,HaitiSupportGroupcondemnshumanrights &!# violations, Interimgovernmentuses'terrorist'smeartorepressopponents, p'"$ (October27,2004).4 O  5  mhttp://haitisupport.gn.apc.org/Oct04.htm6uOuCat  7vu3sFt݌\(#%(#(# Ќ  0  TheHaitiSupportGroupcondemns,inthestrongestpossibleterms,thehumanrights *`%& violationsandpoliticalrepressioncarriedoutbyagentsoftheAlexandre/Latortueinterim *L&' government.Itseemsclearthattheinterimgovernmentisinvolvedinserioushuman +8'( rightsviolations.Wereferinparticulartothefollowingactionsandstatementsin  connectionwiththecontinuingprotests,violenceandaggressivepolicinginPortau  Princesince30September2004:Theallegedviolentattackbypoliceofficersona  demonstrationofLavalasFamilyPartysupporterson30September,andthecommentsto t journalists,thedayafter,byinterimprimeminister,GrardLatortue.Accordingtothe ` HaitianPressAgency,Latortueadmittedthatthepoliceshotandkilledsome L  demonstrators,saying,"Wefiredonthem,somefell,otherswerewounded,andothers 8  fled";ThearrestwithoutwarrantsofformerLavalasFamilyPartySenators;The $ t commentsofHaitianNationalPolicedirector,LonCharles,whoon8Octobertold  ` RadioGalaxiethatrecentactsofviolencehadbeencommittedby"terrorists".Thehead  L  oftheHaitianpolicethenshowedacompletedisregardfortheruleoflawandaproper  8  judicialprocessbystatingthatthepolicewouldtakeactionagainstwhathedescribedas $  "outlaws".TheHaitiSupportGroupisconcernedthatthoseconsidered'outsidethelaw'   bythepolicecannotexpectanyduelegalprocessorrespectfortheirbasichumanrights.   Charlesalsoappearedtosanctionpoliticallymotivatedrepressionwhenhepromised   actionagainstthe"intellectualauthors"oftheviolence;Thearreston13October   withoutawarrantofFatherGrardJeanJusteatSainteClaire'schurch,inPetitePlace p Cazeau,inDelmas,asuburbofPortauPrince.AccordingtoAmnestyInternational, \ FatherJeanJustealongtimesupporteroftheLavalasmovementandLavalasFamily H Partywasarrestedbypoliceofficerswhofailedtoshowawrittenmandateofarrest 4 issuedbytheappropriateauthorities.Hehassincebeenchargedwithaminorpublicorder  p offencebuthasneitherbeenreleasedaswouldbeexpectedinsuchacasenor  \ presentedbeforeajudge.H(#(# FR.,US.,t"3"  USFR.,<( 4 <DLX< 32#  8  .3  0    InstituteforJusticeandDemocracyinHaiti, HaitiHumanrightsalert:Illegal  ArrestsofPoliticalLeaders,(October8,2004).    http://ijdh.org/articles/article_ijdh-human-rights_alert_october-2.html 37݌(#(# Ќ    <( 4 <DLX<XXXXXXXX  S< Sۃ  0  OnSaturdayOctober2,2004,HaitianpoliceforciblyenteredHaitisRadioCaraibesand  arrestedtwoSenatorsandaformerDeputyfromtheFanmiLavalaspartywhohad { criticizedtheInterimGovernmentduringaradioprogram.Earliertheyhadarrested g  anotherformerDeputy,alawyer,whowastryingtorepresentthearrestees.The S! warrantlessarrestswereillegalandaclearviolationofthedetaineesfreedomof ?" associationandofexpression,andoftherighttolegalcounsel.Theytakeplaceinthe +#{ contextofawaveofpolicepersecutionofhumanrightscritics,andverbalattackson $g  criticsbyHaitisPrimeMinister.ۃ݌%S !(#(# ЌXXXXXXXX   XX     SFR.,US.,USFR.,FR.,US.,ۈ "3"  3 2#  9  .3  0    BBCNews, UNStruggleswithHaitiViolence,(October2,2004). .'~"# 4O  5  vhttp://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/americas/3709378.stm6OiSu  7Ha8@3 8݌(j#$(#(# Ќ  0  UNpeacekeepersinHaitihavestruggledforaseconddaytocontrolprotestsby )B%& supportersofdeposedPresidentjeanBertrandAristide.*.&'(#(# 0  0` (#(#+'(` (#` (# 0  ShopsinthecapitalPortauPrinceclosedasarmedAristideloyalistssmashedcarsand  setuproadblocks.(#(# 0  0` (#(# ` (#` (# 0  InterimPrimeMinisterGerardLatortuesaidlocalpolicehadkilledseveralAristide t supporters,buthegavenofurtherdetails. `(#(# 0  0` (#(# ` (#` (# 0  GunfirebrokeoutonThursdayasMr.Aristidesloyalistsemergedfromtheslums, 8  promisingthathewouldreturnfromexileinSouthAfrica.$ t(#(# 0  0` (#(# ` (#` (# 0  Theyweremarkingthe13thanniversaryofhisbeingoustedfrompowerin1991by  L  Haitisarmy. 8 (#(# 0  0` (#(# ` (#` (# 0  OnFriday,protestersinthewesternMartissantsuburbfiredshotsintheair,blocked   roadswithpilesofburningtiresandsmashedcarwindows,witnessessaid.0@^(#(# (#(# 0   (#(# 0  Allofasuddentherewasalotofshooting,butnoonesawwhodidit,shoeshineman   JonelStLouistoldtheAssociatedPressnewsagency. p(#(# "3 "  32#  10  .3  0    AHP PoliceOfficersKidnappedintheCentralPlateauReleased;AngryPolice H OfficersAccuseDenouncetheFormerMilitaryMembersandCallfortheDismissal 4 oftheDirectorGeneralofthePNH,(August19,2004).3&݌ p(#(# Ќ  ݀0   \(#(# 0  Thesepoliceofficerssaidtheyhadbeenkidnappedbymorethan30demobilizedsoldiers. H Thepolicehadbeensenttotheregiontocountertheactsofinsecurity.4(#(# 0   (#(# 0  Theseformersoldiersbeatusandseizedourvehicleandourweapons,thefreedpolice   officersreported.Theybelievetheirlivesweresparedonlybecauseofthepresenceofa  largenumberofpeopleatthetimetheywereabducted.(#(# 0   (#(# 0  TheCIMOofficerspointedanaccusingfingerattheDirectorGeneraloftheHaitian l NationalPolice(PNH),LonCharles,andtheCentralDirectoroftheAdministrative X  Police,DestourelGermain,whotheybelive[sic]tobeinvolvedinthisactofkidnapping.D!(#(# "3 "  32#  11  .3  0    InstituteforJusticeandDemocracyinHaiti:IJDHHumanRightsAlert, Haiti #l! AssassinationTrialAnAffronttoAllThoseWhoHaveWorkedandDiedfor $X" Justice,(August17,2004).  $D #  http://lists.indymedia.org/pipermail/imc-miami/2004-August/0818-17.html 3݌%4!$(#(# Ќ  0  IntheearlyhoursofAugust17,ashamtrialinPortauPrinceacquittednotoriousHaitian ' #& rightsabusersHacksonHoanisandJodelChamblainofthe1993murderofbusinessman (#' AntoineIzmery.Neitherthejudiciarynortheprosecutionmadeeventheminimumeffort )$( requiredbylawtopursuethisimportantcase.Theabsenceofeffortcombinedwithtop *%) HaitianofficialspublicsupportforChamblainandhiscolleaguescompelsthe l+&* conclusionthatHaitisinterimgovernmentstagedthetrialtodeflectcriticismofits  humanrightsrecordwithoutalienatingitsmilitaryandparamilitaryallies.Thetrialisan  affronttothethousandsofpeoplewhohaveworkedandsacrificedforjusticeinHaiti  overthelastfifteenyears.t(#(# "3 "  3x2#  12  .3  0    AmnestyInternationalPressRelease,(August16,2004).3x݌L (#(# Ќ  ̀0  ChamblainandJoanisovernighttrialsareaninsulttojusticeTheHaitianinterim $ t governmentfailedtoensurejusticeandtodemonstrateitswillingnesstotackleimpunity  d effectively,saidAmnestInternationalasLouisJodelChamblainandJacksonJoanishave  P  beenacquittedofthe1993murderofAntoineIzmery,aprodemocracyactivistand  <  businessman.Thetrialhasbeenhastilysetupinaspecialsessionofthecriminalcourtin (  PortauPrinceandtheverdictwasreachedwithinadayofthehearing. (#(# "3 "  32#  13  .3  0    InstituteforJusticeandDemocracyinHaiti, IJDHHumanRightsAlert:Haiti   AssassinationTrialMustIncludeVigorousProsecutionofHumanRightsAbusers,   (August13,2004).3>݌t(#(# Ќ  0  ThetrialoftwonotoriousHaitianhumanrightsabusers,JacksonJoanisandJodel L Chamblain,botconvictedinabsentiaforthe1993murderofbusinessmanAntoine 8 Izmery,hasbeenannouncedfortheweekofAugust1620.TheInstituteforJusticeand $t DemocracyinHaiti(IJDH)isconcernedthatHaitisinterimgovermenthasnot ` adequatelypreparedthecase,andwillnotvigorouslyprosecutethedefendants. L(#(# 0   (#(# 0  AntoineIzmery,aprominentsupporterofPresidentAristide,wasmurderedonSeptember $ 11,1993,duringHaitisdefactomilitarydictatorship(19911994).Mr.Izmeryhad  organizedamassatPortauPrincesSacreCoeurchurch,tocommemoratethe  anniversaryofthe1988St.JeanBoscoMassacre.Soldiersandparamilitariesdragged  Izmeryoutofthepackedchurch,infullviewoftheHaitianandinternationalmedia,the  diplomaticcommunityinHaiti,andUN/OASHumanRightsObservers,andshothimon p thesidewalkoutside.\ (#(# 0   (#(# 0  JodelChamberlainwasthecofounderandchiefofoperationsofFRAPH(Front 4"  RvolutionnairepourlAvancementerleProgrsHa5tiens),Haitismostnotoriousdeath  #p! squad. Hewasalso convictedinabsentiaformurderinthe2000RaboteauMassacretrial.  $\" Afterthe1994returnofHaitisConstitutionalgovernment,Chamblainfledtothe $L # DominicanRepublic,wherehetrainedwithotherparamilitariesinexile.Hereturnedto %8!$ HaitiinFebruary,asaleaderoftheinsurgencythatattackedtownsinHaitisnorth, &$"% killingpoliceofficers,destroyingprisonsandterrorizingthecivilianpopulation.Under '#& internationalpressure.HeturnedhimselfintothepoliceonApril22,2004.(#'(#(# 0   (#(# 0  JacksonJoaniswasaCaptainintheHaitianArmy,andheadoftheAntiGangpolice,the @#  *%) defactoperiodsmostfearedarmyunit.JoanisfledtotheUnitedStates,butwasdeported p+&* backtoHaitiin2001,becauseofhisrecordofpoliticalpersecution.Hehasalsobeen  formallychargedinthe1994assassinationofFr.JeanMarieVincent.(#(# "3 "  3]2#  14  .3  0    CarlosLauraandJeanRolandChery,CommitteetoProtectJournalists, Taking t Sides,(July26,2004). ` 4HaO  5  ^http://www.cpj.org/Briefings/2004/haiti_7_04/haiti_7_04.html6~O   7 Ю3]݌L (#(# Ќ  0  Inthelastfourmonths,CPJhasdocumentedthreecasesinwhichformerrebelshave $ t illegallydetainedjournalistsworkingforproAristideradiostations.Atleastone  ` broadcasterhascloseditsdoors,andanothersuspendednewsreportsforamonthwhile  L  underthreat. 8 (#(# 0   (#(# 0  Thenewprovisionalgovernmenthaspledgedtodisarmtheformerrebels,althoughit,   too,hasbeenaccusedoftakinglegalandregulatorystepstostifleproAristidemedia. (#(#  "3"  3q2#  15  .3  0    InstituteforJusticeandDemocracyinHaiti, HumanRightsUpdate,(July26,   2004).4 p O  5  http://www.haitiaction.net/News/IJDH/7_26_4.html6iO}   7 3q݌p(#(# Ќ  0  I.HumanRightsProtectionH(#(# 0  PeopleperceivedtosupportHaitisconstitutionalgovernmentorFanmiLavalas,the 4 politicalpartyofPresidentJeanBertrandAristidehavebeensystematicallypersecuted  p fromlateFebruarythroughthepresent.Inmanycases,thedefactogovernmentofPrime  \ MinisterGerardLatortueisdirectlyresponsibleforthepersecution;inothercasesitis H refusingtotakestepstopreventitsalliesfrompersecutingLavalassupporters.4(#(# 0   (#(# 0  A.Officialpersecution (#(# 0   (#(# 0  1.Illegalarrestsanddetention(#(# 0  Thedefactoauthoritiesregularlyarrestpoliticalopponentsinviolationofconstitutional l civillibertiesprotections.Thissectionwillfocusonpersecutionofofficialsand X  prominentsupportersoftheConstitutionalgovernment,whoscasesarewelldocumented. D! ButinformationfromrelativesandfromvisitstoprisonsthroughoutHaitiindicatesthat 0"  theprominentcasesareonlythetipoftheiceberg,thateveryprisoninHaiticontains #l! dozensofpeopleheldforpoliticalreasonswithoutthebenefitofanylegalproceedings.$X"(#(# 0   (#(# 0  4.InfringementofFreedomofSpeechandAssembly%0!$(#(# 0  ThepoliceillegallystoppedalegalprodemocracydemonstrationonMay18.Thede '#& factogovernmentinducedtheU.S.MarinesintheMultinationalInterimForcetoassistin (#' stoppingthedemonstrationbyclaimingthatthedemonstrationwasillegal,asthe )$( organizershadnotgiventherequirednotice.Thedemonstrationhad,infact,been |*%) announcedwellinadvance,andthepolicesubsequentlyadmittedthattheorganizershad h+&* providedpropernotice.Policefiredonthispeacefuldemonstration,killingatleastone  person.ThearrestofAnnetteAuguste,aprominentdemonstrationorganizer,camejust  afterthedemonstrationwasannounced.RadioandTeleTimounwereclosedthe  afternoonofthedemonstration,aftertheyhadreportedonthelargenumberof t participants.`(#(# 0   (#(# 0  ThearrestattemptagainstMayorJeanCharlestookplacethemorningafterhehadhelped 8  organizemedia,aboutrepressioninHaiti.$ t(#(# 0   (#(# 0  B.FailuretoProtectCitizens L (#(# 0   (#(# 0  ManyprodemocracyandLavalasactivistshavebeenattackedandthreatenedby $  paramilitarygangs.Althoughthesegroupsarenotformallyintegratedintothedefacto   government,theyworktogetherclosely:inmanyareaspoliceandparamilitariesconduct   jointoperationsorsharefacilities;thepoliceandprisonsholdpeopletheparamilitaries   arrestillegally;anddefactoofficialsappearpubliclywithparamilitaryleaders,inone   caselaudingthemas freedomfighters.Theparamilitariespersecutepoliticalactivists, p students,journalists,judgesprosecutorsandothercivilservants,aswellaswomen, \ includingwomenwhowerevictimsofrapeunderthe19911994dictatorship.Hundreds, H probablymorethanathousand,havebeenkilled,manyothersbeaten.Hundredsof 4 houseshavebeenburnedanddestroyed.Althoughconditionsmakeitimpossibletoverify  p theexactnumber,thousandsofpeopleareinsomekindofhiding,especiallyinPortau  \ Prince,wherevictimsfromthecountrysidehavefledruralpersecution,andurban H victimsstaywithrelativesandfriendsindifferentneighborhoods,orsleepatadifferent 4 houseeachnight.@*(#(#   0  II.RespectfortheRuleofLaw(#(# 0   `  (#(# 0  TherehavebeennoattemptstoarrestanyoneforattacksagainstLavalassupporters,  includingperpetratorsactuallyconvictedofcrimesduringthepreviousdefactoregime l (19911994).TheinsurgentsattackedtheprisonsinthedaysleadinguptotheFebruary X  28coupdetat,andreleasedalltheprisoners,includingpeopleconvictedofmajorhuman D! rightsviolations,andotherslegallyimprisonedpendingtrial.Humanrightsabusers 0"  convictedinabsentiareturnedtoHaitifromabroadwiththeinsurgents.Someofthe #l! escapedconvictsworkwithpolicetoidentifyLavalassupporters,whoaresubsequently $X" abductedorkilled.   h $D #(#(# "3"  32#  16  .3  0    Dr.RobertMaguire, HaitianPolitics,Governance&ExternalActorsremarks &"% givenattheconference HaitianDevelopmentandPublicPolicy:TheNextDecade '#& atUniversityofMassachusettsinBoston,(July24,2004).3>݌(#'(#(# Ќ  0  Thisleadstosomeconsiderationofthepreviouslymentionedbaddevelopmentofthe |*%) pastweek,theissuanceofyetanotherhumanrightsreporthighlycriticalofthesituation h+&* inHaiti.InitsdetailedJuly19report,theInstituteforJusticeandDemocracyinHaiti  deepenstheconcernsexpressedamonthearlierbyAmnestyInternationalthatHaitiis  notsosuccessfullystrugglingunderaheavyburdenofhumanrightsabuse,violenceand  impunity.Thatburdenincludesnotonlythesocalledwitchhuntenactedbytheinterim t governmentagainstsupportersandmembersoftheoustedgovernment,butalsothefact ` thatneithertheleadersnorthemembersofthemyriadofarmedgroupsincludinghigh L  profileinsurrectionistgroupsthatremainarmedandinchargeinlocalitiesthroughoutthe 8  countrysidehavebeendisarmedordetained.Todate,little,ifanything,hasbeendone $ t byHaitisinterimgovernmentorbyUNtroops,forthatmatteraboutthisdangerous  ` situationofHaitisnewwarlords. @*(#(#  L  "3"  3 2#  17  .3  0    InstituteforJusticeandDemocracyinHaiti, HumanRightsinHaiti,(July19, $  2004).http://www.ijdh.org/articles/article_ijdh-human-rights-violations.html3 :݌ (#(# Ќ    THREATSANDHARASSMENT   0  Inadditiontotheviolationsdescribedabove,alargenumberofinterviewees,inparticular p membersofgrassrootspopularorganizations,havereportedreceivingspecificthreatsand \ harassmentbysupportersoftheformeroppositionbecauseoftheirsupportforthe H constitutionallyelectedgovernment.Manyhavebeenthreatenedwithdeathiftheydid 4 notleavetheirhomes,andarenowlivinginhiding.Manyofthoseinhidingarewiththeir  p spousesandchildren,whichentailssevereeconomicandsocialdislocation. \(#(#  U   0  TheHumanRightsSituationinHaiti 4(#(# 0  Uq   ThecontinuingviolenceandpoliticaldisturbancesinHaitihaveresultedinorallowedthe   commissionofnumeroushumanrightsviolationsthatinturngeneratemoreinstability  andcausegreatsufferinginthecountry.Ageneralclimateoffearandterrorexistsinthe  countryandthenumberofthosekilledsinceFebruary29isbelievedtobehigh.Itis  difficulttoassesstheactualnumberofpoliticalandextrajudicialkillingsbecausehardly l anycriminalinvestigationshavebeenconductedintounexplainedkillingsand X  disappearancesandothercriminalacts,whetherpoliticalornot.D!(#(# 0  TheinvestigationcarriedinHaitifromMarchtoMay2004revealsthatthefollowing #l! prohibitedactshavebeencommitted:a)violencetothelife,security,healthandphysical $X" ormentalwellbeingofpersons,inparticularmurder,torture,mutilation,rape,aswellas $D # cruel,inhumanordegradingtreatmentorpunishmentandotheroutragesuponpersonal %0!$ dignity;b)collectivepunishmentsagainstpersonsandtheirproperty;c)pillage;d) &"% practicing,permittingortoleratingtheinvoluntarydisappearanceofindividuals, '#& includingtheirabductionorunacknowledgeddetention;ande)threatsorincitementto (#' commitanyoftheaboveacts;f)arbitraryarrestsanddetentions;g)violationoftheright )$( tofreedomofassemblyandassociation;andh)violationoftherighttofreedomof |*%) opinionandexpression.h+&*(#(# Ї0  Thecommissionofthesehumanrightshasinvolvedtheuseofforceandrepressive  measuresbyseveralactorsincludingthegovernmentsarmedforcesandotherorganized  armedgroupsexercisingcontroloverpartsoftheterritory.Actsofviolencehavebeen t carriedoutbyarmedgangsorothercriminalgroupsactingwithimpunityandwhat ` appearstobeunderthecover,orwiththetacitconsent,oftheauthorities.Manyofthe L  casesofarbitraryarrests,illegaldetentionandtorture,andofcollectivepunishments 8  againstvictimsandtheirpropertyarelinkedtotheattemptsofthevictimstoexercise $ t theirrighttofreedomofexpression,mostcommonlywhileexpressingtheirsupportfor  ` theupholdingofdemocracy. L (#(# 0  Theviolationsdescribedinthisdocumentamounttogrosshumanrightsviolationsin $  contraventionofinternationalhumanrightsinstruments. (#(# 0  TheseviolationsareprohibitedbytheHaitianConstitutionandbyawholecorpusof   internationalhumanrightsinstrumentsnamelytheUniversalDeclarationofHuman   Rights1,theInternationalCovenantonCivilandPoliticalRights2,theChildrenRights p Convention3andtheConventionontheEliminationofDiscriminationAgainstWomen \ 4aswellastheAmericanConventiononHumanRights5andtheInterAmerican H ConventiononthePrevention,PunishmentandEradicationofViolenceAgainstWomen.4(#(#  "3"  32#  18  .3  0    LauraFlynn,RobertRothandLeslieFleming, ReportoftheHaitiAccompaniment  \ Project,(June29July9,2004).35݌H(#(# Ќ  0  ALiteralWitchHunt (#(# 0   `  (#(# 0  MembersofFanmiLavalashavebeenusingthewordwitchhunttodescribetheongoing  repressionofLavalasinHaiti.Wewereshockedtofindthatthistermcanbetaken  literally.WhilewewereinHaiti,awildstorywasbeingcirculatedbythemediaand  Haitianauthorities.Itclaimedthatababywassacrificedduringaceremonyattendedby l manymembersofLavalasintheyear2000.Whileweinitiallytookthistobeatthelevel X  oftabloidsensationalism,itbecameclearthatthisludicrouschargeisbeingpursuedby D! thecurrentdefactoauthorities.0" (#(# 0   (#(# 0  OnthreeoccasionsindividualshavegoneonNationalTelevision,reportedlyatthebehest $X" oftheMinisterofJustice,todescribetheirparticipationatthssocalledceremony. $D # Despitethefactthatthestoriestoldbytheseindividualsarenotevenconsistent,(one %0!$ personclaimedtheceremonywasheldatPresidentAristideshouse,anotherclaimedit &"% wasatthehomeofLavalasactivistAnnetteAuguste(SoAnne),Haitianauthoritiesare '#& usingtheseoutofcourt,unverifiedstatementsasthebasisforissuingarrestwarrantsfor (#' Lavalasofficials.ThesechargesarealsothejustificationforcontinuingtoholdAnnette )$( Auguste.|*%)(#(# 0  h+&*(#(# "3"  3 2#  19  .3  0    AppealfromInternationalLabor/ReligiousDelegationtoHaiti,(July4,2004).3 r݌(#(# Ќ   \X0  TosumupwhatourLaborReligiousDelegationlearnedWecanstatewithoutand  reservation,thatthevastmajorityofthepeopleofHaitidonotsupporttheLaTortuecoup t government,whichtheyconsiderasillegitimateandimposedoutsidepowers....They ` applaudtheactionofCaricominwithholdingrecognitionofthecoupregime....Andthey L  ferventlydesirethereturnoftheirlegitimatepresident,JeanBertrandAristide,whom 8  theyhavetwiceelectedtoofficebyoverwhelmingmajorities[infair,highturnout $ t elections],onlytoseehisgovernmentoverthrownbyforeignpowersinconcertwith  ` Haitianparamilitarydeathsquads. L (#(# @* \0  SinceourdelegationleftHaiti,therepressionhascontinuedunabated,withthearrestand $  imprisonmentofLavalascommunityleader,grandmotherand 0@AmericawellknownsingerAnnette   Auguste(So Anne)[inthemiddleofthenight,iniiolationofHaiti sConstitutionJ,and   nowthearrestandimprisonmentofHaiti slegitimatePrimeMinisterYvonNeptune.We   werealsosaddenedtolearnthatalargecontingentofFrenchtroopsaswellasU.N.   troopshadstormedintothesmallruraltownofMilotandraidedthehomeofthemayor, p MoisesJeanCharles(again,illegally,inthemiddleofthenight].Thisisthesamemayor \ thatwehadjustinterviewed.~otfindingthemayorathome,theforeignoccupation H troopsarrestedhiswife.Whereisdemocracy,whenpopularlyelectedofficialsmustflee 4 fortheirlives,andtheruleoflawisreplacedbytheruleofthegun?`  p(#(#  "3"  32#  20  .3  0    AmnestyInternational, BreakingtheCycleofViolence,(June21,2004). H 4O  5  ٳhttp://web.amnesty.org/library/Index/ENGAMR3603820046yO A  73݌4(#(# Ќ  0  0@(#(#IntheaftermathofthedepartureofformerPresidentJeanBertrandAristide,Haitiis   confrontedwithanumberofhumanrightschallengesitmustmeetifthecountryisto  breakwiththeviolenceandimpunitythathascharacterizeditforsomanyyears.  AnAmnestyInternationaldelegationvisitedthecountryfrom25Marchto8April2004  andwasdeeplyconcernedforthesecurityofthecivilianpopulation.Despitethepresence l oftheUNmandatedMultinationalInterimForce(MIF),alargenumberofarmedgroups X  havecontinuedtobeactivethroughoutthecountryandtoabusehumanrights.These D! groupsincludebothformerinsurgents(madeupinitiallyofformermilitaryofficersand 0"  formermembersofaparamilitarygroupactiveduringthe19911994militaryregime, #l! responsibleforserioushumanrightsabusesinthepast),armedcriminalgangs,escaped $X" prisonersandmilitiasloyaltoformerPresidentAristide.$D #(#(# 0   (#(# 0   0@(#(# HumanrightsabusesagainstAristidesupporters &"%  (#(# 0  SupportersofformerPresidentAristidehavesufferedabusesrangingfromthreatsto (#' kidnappingandextrajudicialkillings,especiallyinthepoorerareasofPortauPrince )$( wheretheformerPresidentgarneredmostsupport.Manyofthevictimsweremembersof |*%) grassrootsorganizationswhohadbeenvictimsofhumanrightsviolationsduringthe h+&* 19911994militaryregimeandwhohadbeeninvolvedinactionsseekingredressfor  thesecrimes,andwhohadalsobecomepoliticallyinvolvedinsupportoftheFanmi  Lavalasregime.Yetothersmayhavebeenmembersofthechimres,irregularpolice  assistantsorotherproAristidegangs,singledoutforabuseonaccountofthepowerthey t wieldedorfortheabusestheymayhavecommittedthemselvesinthepast.Manypeople ` inHaiti,includingsomehumanrightsorganizations,equatebeingamemberofapopular L  organizationwithbeingamemberofthechimres.Thishaspresentedanaddeddifficulty 8  whendocumentingcasesofhumanrightsviolationsagainstsuchgroups,assomehuman $ t rightsorganizationswhohavebeenactiveindenouncingabusescommittedunderthe  ` AristideperioddonotseeminclinedtoinvestigateabusescommittedagainstproAristide  L  groups,dismissingthemasmostly"settlementsofaccounts".Ontheotherhand,some  8  formerPresidentAristidesupportershaveconsistentlyrefusedtoreporttheircasesto $  thosehumanrightsorganizationstheyperceiveashostile.    AmnestyInternationalsdelegationmetabout40menwhoclaimedtobeleadersand   membersofpopularorganizationsbasedinpoorneighbourhoodsofPortauPrinceand   PetitGo veandwhosaidtheywereinhidingduetothreatsreceived.Forthemostpart, p theyhadlefthomeon29Februaryandhadnotreturnedbecausefamiliesorfriendstold \ themthatarmedmenhadgonetotheirhomeslookingforthem,orthattheirhomeshad H beenattackedorburneddown.Oneleaderofavictimsassociationinapoor 4 neighbourhoodofPortauPrincereportedthathehadlefthomewithhisfamilyon29  p FebruaryandthathishousewasnowoccupiedbypersonsclosetotheformerDuvalier  \ regime.(41)Manyhadnotseentheirfamiliessinceandexpressedconcernabouttheir H securityandeconomicsituation.Allofthemnotedthatwhiletheyhadenjoyedsolid 4 nationalandinternationalsupportwhentheyhadbeentargetedforabusesfollowingthe   September1991coup,theywerenowmorelikelytoencountersuspicionabouttheir   activitiesasmembersofpopularorganizationsandindifferencetotheirplight.   Harassmentanddiscriminationagainstcivilservantswasalsoreported.Oneman  claimingtobeanemployeeattheOfficeNationaldelaMigration,NationalMigration l Office,saidthathecouldnotgotoworkanymorebecauseformersoldiershad X  surroundedtheofficeandwerestoppingknownFanmiLavalassupportersormembersof D! popularorganizationsfromentering.Anotherman,whoworkedatTlco,theHaitian 0"  telephonecompany,saidthatlistsofpeopleaccusedofhavingFanmiLavalas #l! connectionswerebeingcirculatedandthepeopleonthelistsdarenotgotoworkany $X" more.Manyclaimedtheexistenceoflists,ineachpolicestation,ofwantedmembersof $D # popularorganizations.TheyallspokeofkillingsinpoorneighbourhoodsofPortau %0!$ Prince,especiallyBelAir,Martissant,Delmas,CitSoleil,CarrefourandLaSaline. &"%  AlthoughAmnestyInternationalhasnotbeenabletoverifyindependentlyallofthe (#' informationitreceived,thenumberandconsistencyofstatementsmadetothe )$( organizationbybothvictimsandwitnessesstronglysuggestthatthepersecutionofthose |*%) associatedwiththeFanmiLavalasregimeiswidespread. h+&*  Womenvictimsofhumanrightsviolationsduringthe1991coupperiodarealsobeing  targeted.In2001,Lesenfantsducoupdtat,TheChildrenoftheCoup,byHaitianfilm  makerRachleMagloire,movinglyportrayedtheeffortsofagroupofwomenwhohad t sufferedabuseatthehandsofcoupparticipantstoovercometheirsuffering.Thefilmwas ` shownbothinHaitiandinternationally.Thegrouplaterfellpreytothepoliticizationthat L  affectedmuchofHaitiansocietyandmanymembersreportedlyabandonedtheirclaims 8  forreparation.AmnestyInternationalinterviewedoneoftheparticipants,Jacqueline $ t Paillant,whosaidthatsheandhersixchildrenhadrecentlybeensubjectedtothreatsand  ` intimidationbecausetheyareseenasFanmiLavalassupporters.Sheindicatedthatanex  L  memberoftheHaitianarmyandothershaveonrepeatedoccasionsapproachedherand  8  remindedherthat"papaouale","yourdaddyisgone",referringtoformerPresident $  Aristide,andthatshewasnowonherown.Onthefirstoccasion,anexsoldiersignaled   heroutfromavehicleandshewentintohidingforaweek.Sheclaimedtobesoscared   thatshenowleaveshomeforworkbeforesunriseandcomesbackaftersunset,always   changingpathsandworryingaboutherchildren.Her19yearoldsonwasalsorepeatedly   threatenedbythesameexsoldieruponleavingorenteringthehouseand,upontheadvice p ofsomefriendswhofearedhewouldbeattacked,hewentintohiding. \  JacquelinePaillantalsoclaimedthatotherwomenwhoparticipatedinthefilmwerestill 4 inhiding.Oneofthem,FrancoiseStCharles,hadherhousebrokenintobyarmedmen  p whodestroyedherdooron29FebruaryandhadnotreturnedhomebyearlyApril.  \  RelativesofpersonsassociatedwithFanmiLavalashavealsobeentargeted.Stanley 4 GuillouxAntoine,16,astudentattheLyceAntnorFirmin,waskilledon29February   inMartissantbyarmedindividualswhowerelookingforhisfather,aFanmiLavalas   supporter.Accordingtothereportsreceived,Stanleywastakenawayfromhishousethat  dayandhisbodywasfoundinFontamara43thenextday.Althoughfivepersonshave  reportedlybeenidentifiedasthoseresponsibleforthekilling,noarrestshavebeenmade  andthefamilyisstillunderthreat. l  A15yearoldyouthinterviewedbyAmnestyInternationaltoldtheorganization,on D! conditionofanonymity,thatonSunday7Marchagroupoffivearmedmenwenttohis 0"  houselookingforhisfather,amemberofthreepopularorganizationsandavictims #l! committee,whohadbeeninhidingsince29February.Notfindinghimthere,themen $X" grabbedhissonandbeathimseverely,breakinghiscollarbone.Whentheyweretaking $D # himaway,neighbours,whoheardtheyoungmanscries,rantowardsthehouseandthe %0!$ menranaway.InApril,whenAmnestyInternationaltalkedtohim,hewasstillreceiving &"% medicaltreatmentforhisinjuries.'#&(#(# X "3"  32#  21  .3  0    AmnestyInternationalPressRelease, Haiti:Lastchancetoendcycleofviolence, W)$( (June21,2004). C*%) http://web.amnesty.org/library/Index/ENGAMR360482004?open&of=ENG-HTI32݌/+&*(#(# Ќ    _ ,k'+ 0  0@(#(#ThedeploymentofanewUnitedNationsmissiontoHaitithismonthrepresentsamajor  opportunity,andperhapsalastchance,tobreakthecycleofviolenceandimpunitythat  hasplaguedtheCaribbeanrepublicforsomanyyears,AmnestyInternationalsaid.(#(#K(#(#(#  "3"  3[!2#  22  .3  0    _Cherrene_Ԁ_Horazuk_, CoupAgainstAristide,U.S.OccupiesHaiti,(June17,2004) ` http://www.fightbacknews.org/2004/02spring/haiticoup2.htm3[!!݌L (#(# Ќ  0  0@(#(#HaitianPresidentJeanBertrandAristidewasforciblyremovedfromofficebyU.S. $ t military XpersonnelFeb.29andflowntotheCentralAfricanRepublic. `(#(#  0  0@(#(#U.S.troops,withassistancefromFrance,nowoccupythecountry.Supportersof  L  President XAristidearehunted,murderedandjailed. 8 (#(# 0   @  (#(#  0  0@(#(#AristidestatesthatU.S.envoysforcedhimtosignaresignation letter,underthethreat   ofbloodshedagainstthepeopleofHaiti.GuyPhilippeandotherdeathsquadmembers,   convictedfelonsandmurderers,havedeclaredthemselvestobeHaiti snewgovernment.   Nooneshouldbeconfusedaboutthenatureoftheserebels. Theirrootscanbefoundin   the_Duvalierist_ԀregimesthatterrorizedHaitifrom1957until1986andtheCIAtied p militarygovernmentthatruledintheearly1990s.\(#(#   "3"  bb3U(2#  23  .3  0    CouncilonHemisphericAffairsPressRelease, AnotherFailedWashingtonRegime  Change:HaitisCaricatureofDemocraticGovernance,(June16,2004).3U((݌(#(# Ќ    0  0@(#(#RebelsWithaShadyPastr(#(# 0    Questionsaboutthedeplorablehumanrightsrecordoftherebelswhohelpedoverthrow J Aristide,manyofwhomhavebeenenthusiasticallyembracedbythecurrentgovernment 6 as freedomfighters,havebeensweptasideasunnecessary dwellingonthepast,and "r therehasbeenshockinglylittleinvestigationofrepeatedreportsofpoliticalmurdersand ^ massacresofmainlyproAristidemilitantsandmembersofhis_Lavalas_Ԁpartyunderthe J aegisofthepresentU.S.installedgovernmentledbybusinessconsultantandBocaRaton 6 resident_Latortue_.Atthesametime,itseemedthatnorepresentativeoftheinternational  " community,savethe_CARICOM_Ԁnations(ledbyJamaica)andseveralAfricannationsled !  bySouthAfrica,daredtosuggestthatthetransferofpowertoaprimeministeressentially "! handpickedbytheU.S.embassyandtheStateDepartmentisademonstrablylessthan #" democraticprocess.$#(#(# 0  S&!Z&!0@(#(#YetthesituationchangedonJune8,whentheOrganizationofAmericanStates"a &!% normallyrathermoribundorganizationthatunderoutgoingSecretaryGeneralCesar '"& _Gaviria_ԀhasbecomelittlebetterthanaregionalpolicymakingappendageoftheState (#' Department"approvedaresolutioncallingforaninvestigationintothecircumstancesof q)$( formerPresidentAristidesdeparture.ThisinitiativewaspasseddespitetheBush ]*%) administrationsincessantadmonitionsthatpoliticalrecriminationsshouldbeavoidedin I+&* ordertoprioritizerebuildingHaitisdemocraticinstitutions,adeclarationthatblatantly 5,'+ ignoresthefactthatitisexactlythoseinstitutionsthattherecentcouphadhelpedto  destroy.ThusitseemsthatthelastwordaboutthisyearseventsinHaitihaveyettobe  written.Onthecontrary,Washingtonsoverweeningroleintheuprisingthatousted  Aristide,aswellasitsobviousbiasinfavoroftheHaitianpoliticalopposition t movementsDemocraticConvergenceandGroup184(whichhadlongheatedlycalledfor ` suchanouster)mayyetemergeasoneofthemoreshockingexamplesofU.S. L  interferenceintheinternalpoliticsofahemisphericnationoverthelasthalfcentury.8 (#(#  "3"  352#  24  .3  0    CommitteetoProtectJournalists, CommitteetoProtectJournalistsDenounces  ` AttacksonHaitianPress,(June2,2004).355݌ L (#(# Ќ  0  0@(#(#TheCommitteetoProtectJournalists(_CPJ_)isalarmedthatHaiti stransitional $  governmenthasdetainedacameramanwithout_charge.Officials_Ԁhavealsoclosedaradio   andtelevisionstationownedbytheAristideFoundationforDemocracy,whichwas   foundedbyformerPresidentJeanBertrandAristide. (#(#    "3"  382#  25  .3  0    CoalitionforaJustU.S.Policy, HumanRightsReport,(May25,2004). 38%9݌p(#(# Ќ  0   @ NationalCampaignofRepressionContinues,NationalLawyersGuildReportsH(#(# 0  0@(#(#NumerousreportsfromHaiticontinuetoemergeofacampaignofrepressionaimed 4 primarilyatsupportersofdeposedPresidentAristideandhispoliticalparty_Lavalas_.  p JonasPetit,aspokespersonforthe_Lavalas_Ԁpartystated: Wewont[participateinthe  \ electoralcouncil]untilthegovernmentputsanendtothekilling,persecutions,illegal H arrests,anddestructionofpersonalpropertyofourmembersandsupporters(Reuters). 4 AlthoughmanygroupshavebeenaccusedofcarryingoutviolationssinceFebruary29,   noothermajorpoliticalgrouphasclaimedtohavebeensubjectedtopoliticalpersecution   sincethatdate.(#(# 0  0@(#(#Membersofthe_NLG_Ԁdelegationfoundextensiveevidencesupportingtheclaimsmadeby  _Lavalas_Ԁleadersofcontinuedrepressionviolenceandhumanrightsviolationstowards l supportersoftheelectedgovernment.Thousandsofindividualsstillremaininhidingand X  manyfamilieshavebeendisruptedformorethantwomonths.Allpersonsinhiding D! interviewedbythedelegation,includinglocalandnationalgovernmentofficials,the 0"  directorofacommunityradiostation,communityandneighborhoodleaders,teachers, #l! andstudents,identifiedthemselvesassupportersofAristideorthedeposedgovernment. $X" MembersofthedelegationfoundthatacrossHaiti, securityforgovernmentsupporters $D # andmembersofpopularorganizationsworkingforpeasantsrights,democracy,and/or %0!$ Aristidewasseverelylackingandthatthesepersonscontinuedtobeingravedanger &"% (_NLG_ԀII).  @4 '#&(#(# 0   @ SignificantInternalDisplacement,HumanRightsLawyerReports )$((#(#  ! X&X!0   (#(# 0  Numerousresidentsfromthecountryside,inparticularfromtheneighborhoodsofPetit h+&* _Goave_,_Gonaives_,SaintMarc,Cap_Haitien_,_Jeremie_,_Limb_,_Mirebalais_,and_Maissade_  havebeenforcedtofleetoPortauPrinceasaresultofactsofintimidationand/ordeath  threats.Severalhavebeenthreatenedwithdeathupontheirreturntothearea.Manywho  have_trried_Ԁtogobackhavebeenforcedtoreturnbecauseofthecontinuedpresenceof t thosewhoinitiallypersecutedthem.Similarly,thosefromPortauPrincewhoarebeing ` persecutedclaimtheycannotgotothecountrysidebecauseofthepresenceofformer L  militariesandrebelsincertainareas,andthelackofregularpoliceforces.S 8 Ԁ (#(#  "3"  3GH2#  26  .3  0    LetHaitiLive:CoalitionforaJustU.S.Policy, LargestHaitiCoalition c  UnanimouslyCondemnsU.S.MarineActivitythatViolatestheHumanRightsofthe O   HaitianPeople,(May18,2004).3GHtH݌; (#(# Ќ  0  OnlydaysaftertheremovalofHaitianPresidentJeanBertrandAristide,anillegitimate c  governmentwascreatedfromHaiti sprivatesectorandthepoliticalopposition,backed O  byUnitedStateswiththeassistanceoftheOrganizationofAmericanStates(OAS).This ;  interimgovernmenthasnotevenattemptedtocreatetheillusionthatitisinclusiveand ' hasgonebeyondjustexcluding_Fanmi_Ԁ_Lavalas_Ԁmemberstocompilingalistof_Lavalas_  leadershipthatmustnot,underanycircumstances,attempttoleavethecountry.In  addition,thisinterimgovernmentappearstobeimplicitlysupportingviolentcriminalsat  large,andresurgentmilitaryandparamilitarygroups.Initsactionsandinitswords,the   interimgovernmentiscondoningalargeviolentfactionthatiscommittinghuman s rightsviolations._(#(# 0   (#(# ! X&!0  0@(#(#ThepresenceoftheMultinationalInterimForce,or_MIF_,isNOTcreatingagreatersense 7 ofsecurity.Oneincidentthathasescapedanyrealscrutinybytheinternationalpressis #s theallegedmassacreofasmanyasseventyeightpeopleintheBelAirneighborhood. _ Accordingtoreportsfromalmosteveryindividualandorganizationtheobservation K missioninterviewed,thedeathscameatthehandsofU.S.Marines. 7(#(# b( "3"  b3!Q2#  27  .3  0    AmnestyInternational, Haiti:AllArmedgroupsmustbedisarmed,(May7, 5  2004). !!q http://_web.amnesty.org_/library/Index/ENGAMR360412004?open&of=ENG-_HTI_3!Q`Q݌ "](#(# Ќ  0  0@(#(#TheproliferationofarmsacrossHaitiiswidespread.DespitethepresenceoftheUSlead #5! MultinationalInterimForce,broughtintoHaititohelpaddresstheupsurgeinviolence $! " sinceFebruary2004,virtuallynoneofthenumerousirregulararmedgroupshavehanded % !# intheirweapons.ThesearmedgroupsincludegangswhichsupportformerPresident &!$ _Arisitide_Ԁ(alsoknownas_chimres_),armedgangsaffiliatedwithotherpolitical '"% organizations,formerrebels,membersofthedisbandedHaitianArmedForces,other (#& groupswhichcontrolterritoryandnonpoliticalarmedgangs. m)$'  Thereisaclimateofinsecurityandfearamongthecivilianpopulationfromthemany E+&) armedgroupscurrentlyatlarge.Severalknownhumanrightsabusersarenowpartof 1,'* thesegroupsandAIhasreceivedreportsofnewhumanrightsviolationscommittedby  thesegroupsincludingkillingsandilltreatment.Neitherthe_MIF_Ԁnortheinterim  governmenthasyetestablishedcontroloversubstantialpartsofthecountry.(#(# "3"  3X2#  28  .3  0    AmnestyInternational, CrisisinHaiti:AmnestyInternationalsconcerns, ` (AccessedMay2004).__Ԁ4O  5  http://web.amnesty.org/pages/hti-index-eng6YOYLa  7, Y3XX݌L (#(# Ќ  0  0@(#(#CiviliansatRisk $ t  AmnestyInternationalisextremelyconcernedbytheongoinghumanrightsabuses  L  betweenrebelforces,armedproAristidemilitiasandHaitianNationalPolicesincethe  8  beginningofthearmedinsurrectionon5February.Fearsremainthatrevengekillings, $  lootingandotherattacksmaywreakfurtherhavocinthecountry.    Impunity    Haitianjudicialinstitutionshavebeenfurtherweakenedbytherecentpoliticalturmoil, p makingitdifficulttoholdauthoritiesandarmedoppositiongroupsaccountableforthe \ deathsandotheractsofviolence.Furthermore,formermilitaryandparamilitaryleaders H responsibleforserioushumanrightsviolationshavetakenupleadershippositionswithin 4 Haiti'sarmedoppositionandmayplayasignificantroleindefiningHaiti'sfuture.IfHaiti  p istoovercomethecycleofviolencethathasplaguedthecountryduringthepastdecade,  \ itmustmovequicklytoensureimpunitydoesnottakeholdinthepostAristideera.H(#(# bNQ "3"  fb3I`2#  29  .3  0    DelegationofLawyerstoReportonMeetingwithAristide:LawyersInvestigate   ViolationsofInternationalLawSurroundingdefactoHaitianGovernment  FollowingFebruaryCoup,(April15,2004). x 4,O  5  Zhttp://www.freepress.org/dispatches/2004/display/1546aObLa  7,Lb3I``݌L(#(# Ќ  b`xb0  0@(#(#OnTuesday,April13,2004,adelegationoflawyersrepresentingtheNationalLawyers D Guild,AmericanAssociationofJurists,InternationalAssociationofDemocraticLawyers,  NationalConferenceofBlackLawyers,andBureaudes_Avocats_Ԁ_Intemationaux_Ԁmetwith   PresidentJeanBertrandAristideofHaitiandhiswife,Mine.Mildred_Anstide_ԀinJamaica, p!  wheretheyweregrantedtemporaryasylum.JamaicaandtheCaribbeanCommunity D"! (_CARICOM_)membercountrieshaveresistedintenseU.S.pressurebycallingforan #h" investigationbytheUnitedNationsintothecircumstancesthatledtoPresidentAristide s #<# departurefromHaiti.Thedelegationisalsoinvestigatingapparentviolationsof $ $ internationallawandtheHaitianconstitutionsurroundingtheinstallationofthe_cia_Ԁfacto % % Haitiangovernmentfollowingthecoupof2829February.h&!&(#(# fv`bsc "3"  b3h2#  30  .3  0    Reuters, U.S.Sees1yearstayforinternationalHaitiforce,(April14,2004).3hh݌(`#((#(#    (L$) _ h0  0@(#(#&   SincetherewitbrokeoutinearlyFebruary,theHaitianNationalPolicehasdwindled  fromabout5,000toaround2,000andlacksproperleadership,accordingtothe  OrganizationofAmericanStates(OAS).(#(# 'Mjj^0   (#(# 0  0@(#(#Noriegasaidthemultinationalforcewilloverseeaprocessof shadowingand `  mentoringthenewpoliceforceasitisbeingcreated.L (#(# 0   (#(# 0  0@(#(#TheHaitiangovernmentsaidithasaplantoincorporatearmedrebelsintothepolice $ t force,raisingconcernsthathumanrightsviolatorscouldendupinuniform. `(#(# 0   (#(# 0  0@(#(#NoriegasaidmembersofHaitiansecurityforcesshouldbesubjecttoa veryclose  8  vettingforpastcriminality.$ (#(# 0   (#(# 0  0@(#(# Participatinginarebelgroup,forexample,wouldnotnecessarilydisqualifyapersonbut   itwouldn tautomaticallymovehimintothesecurityforce.That snotanacceptable   formula. (#(#  "3"  3p2#  31  .3  0    ThalifDeen, U.S.,FranceBlockingHaitiProbe,(April13,2004). \ http://www.globalpolicy.org/security/issues/haiti/2004/0413block.htm3pCp݌H(#(# Ќ  0  0@(#(#TheUnitedStatesandFrancehave XintimidatedCaribbeancountriesintodelayingan  p officialrequestforaprobeintothemurkycircumstancesunderwhichHaitianPresident  \ JeanBertrandAristidewasoustedfrompowerinFebruary,accordingtodiplomatic H sourceshere.4(#(# 0   (#(#  X0  0@(#(#Thetwovetowieldingpermanentmembersofthe15nationSecurityCouncilhave   signalledtoCaribbeannationsthattheydonotwantaU.N.probeofAristide souster.  AnyattemptstobringtheissueorevenintroducearesolutionbeforetheSecurityCouncil  willeitherbeblockedorvetoedbybothcountries,councilsourcestoldIPS. (#(# k "3"  3^u2#  32  .3  0    AHPNews, FanmiLavalasaffirmsthatelectionsarenotpossibleaslongasits ( x supportersarebeingmurderedandpersecutedthroughoutthecountry,(April,13, !d 2004).3^uu݌"P (#(# Ќ  0  0@(#(#ThemembersoftheCommunicationsCommissionofFanmiLavalasdenouncedthe #(" mannerinwhichtheleadersandsupportersoftheexoppositionaretodayactingwith $ # regardtodemocracy.Theyparticularlydenouncedacampaigntoeliminatesupportersof %!$ thepartylaunchedthroughoutthecountrywheremorethan100peoplehavealready &!% perished,theysaid.'"&(#(#  "3 "  3y2#  33  .3  0    DavidAdams,St.PetersburgTimes, Anatomyofaragtagrebellion,(April12, `)$( 2004). L*%) http://www.sptimes.com/2004/04/12/Worldandnation/Anatomy_of_a_ragtag_r.shtml3yDy݌8+&*(#(# Ќ     $,t'+ 0  0@(#(#Iwaskindofamazedthatithappenedlikeitdid,becauseIdidn tthinktheyhadchance,  saidOmetriasDeonLongtheWinterParklawyerwhoservesaschairmanoftheSt.Johns  RiverWaterManagementDistrictcoveringnorthernandeastcentralFlorida.(#(# 0   (#(# ! nX!0  Longaccidentallyranintosomeoftherebels politicalalliesonatrademissionlast ` OctobertotheDominicanRepublicledbyGoy.JebBush.Oneofthebusinessmenwho L  joinedthemissionwasAndreFilsAime,apassionatelyantiAristideHaitianactivistwho 8  representedPaigeElectric,aPonteVedraBeachfirmspecializinginelectricalcables.$ t(#(# 0   (#(# ! f!0  0@(#(#TherebelswereeagerforcontactswhocouldintroducethemaroundWashington.But  L  theyweren thavingmuchluck.FilsAimelatchedontoLong. 8 (#(# u "3!"  32#  34  .3  0    VariousArticlesfromAHPNews, PhilippeRaisesNewDisarmamentConditions;   FanmiLavalsSeeksSecurityGuaranteesre:CEP;PlatformSeeksOusterof   Senators;Questionsre:AllegedMassacreatlaScierie;COPAHRejectsAccord   betweenPlatformofFormerOppositionandLatortueGovernment;FrenchDefense u  MinistertovisitHaiti;PresidentofHaitianChamberofCommerceandIndustry a FavorsElectionsin2005;TwoPresumedBanditsKilled;RaraBandFestivities M TransformedintoProAristideDemonstrations,(2004). 3݌9(#(# Ќ  0  0@(#(#GuyPhilippehadhopedtoplayanactiveroteinthecurrentinterimgovernmentinthe a areaofsecurity.Heexpressedhiswishthathismenbereintegratedintocivilianlife.M(#(# 0   (#(#  X0  0@(#(#TheLeaderoftheArmyoftheNorthdeniedthathehasbeenunderpressuretolaydown % hisweapons.(#(# 0   (#(# 0   @ ***(#(# 0  0@(#(# (#(# 0  AspokespersonfortheFanmiLavalasPoliticalOrganization,Gilvert Angervil, q denouncedMondayacampaignofsystematicrepressionthathesaidhasbeenlaunched ] againstsupportersoftheparty.I (#(#  X0  0@(#(# OnecannotaskustodesignateourrepresentativetotheCEPwhileoursupportersare !"q  beingpersecutedbythenewgovernment,saidGilvertAngervil. #]!(#(# 0   @  (#(#   *** $5 # 0  0@(#(#AmemberoftheGroupof184,AndreLafontantJoseph,saidMonday thattherefusalof & "% theSenatorswhocontinuetocarryonworkingtoresignfromtheirelectedofficesrisks '"&  harmingtheprocessoftransitionthatisbeingputinplacefollowingthesuddendeparture (#' ofPresidentAnstideonFebruary29.)$((#(# 0   (#(# 0   @ ***Y+&*(#(# 0   (#(# 0  0@(#(#TheNCHRdirectorsaidhehadconductedaninvestigationintotheincidentand  maintainsthat50peoplewere killedbysupportersofLavalas.(#(# 0   (#(#  X0   @ Howeverhewasnotinapositiontosayhowmanybodieshavebeendiscovered.`(#(# 0   (#(#  X0   @ Heexplainedthatdogswouldhavehadtimetodevourasignificantnumberofthebodies.8 (#(# 0   (#(#  X0  0@(#(#ThesestatementsaredistinctlydifferentfrominformationgatheredbytheReutersnews  ` agencystatingthatnoevidenceofamassacrehasbeendocumented . L (#(# 0   (#(#   X0  0@(#(#Somefivebodieshavebeenfoundbyhumanrightsorganizationsandbyjournalistsfrom (  theforeignpresswhoalsoquestionedresidentsofthatregion. (#(# 0   (#(# 0   @ *** (#(# 0  COPAHExecutiveSecretaryPasteurErnstPierreVincentdeclaredthathedeploresthat t manysectorswerebrushedasideinthecontextofdiscussionsthatledtothesigningof ` theaccordonApril6.L(#(# 0   (#(#  X0  0@(#(#Hewarnedthatanypoliticalagreementthatdoesnotenjoythesupportofallsectorswill $t notinanywaybeabletoguaranteenationalreconciliation,which,hesaid,hasbeen ` advocatedbytheLatortuegovernment.L(#(# 0   (#(# 0   @ ***$(#(# 0   (#(# 0  0@(#(#SeveralhumanrightsorganizationsincludingHumanRightWatchhadfoundit  disturbingthatthemultinationalforcewouldagree tocohabitwithgroupsthatpossess  illegalweaponsandhadbeenlabeledasthugsbyU.S.SecretaryofStateColinPowell.(#(# 0   (#(# 0   @ ***1 (#(# 0   (#(# 0  0@(#(#ThePresidentoftheHaitianChamberofCommerceandIndustry(CCIH),Maurice  "Y  Lafortune,spokeinfavorofelectionsinHaitiin2005."E!(#(# 0   @ ***$ #(#(# 0   (#(# 0  0@(#(#Policeintervenedintheareafollowingrepeatedappealsbymembersofthepopulation &!% whoreportedcasesofkidnapping,rapeandtheft.'"&(#(# 0   (#(#  X0  0@(#(#SeveralweaponswereseizedduringthepoliceoperationincludingMlriflesandM22s, i)$( accordingtoanofficialoftheHaitianNationalPolice..U*%)(#(# 0   (#(#  X0  0@(#(#Manyconvictedcriminalsescapedfromprisonorwerefreedthankstotheeventsof -,}'+ February29,followingthesuddendepartureofPresidentAristide.(#(# 0   (#(# 0   @ ***(#(#  0  Severalthousandmembersofthepopulationtookpartinpopular rara `(#(#   X0  0@(#(#festivitiesinPortauPrincefromFridaythroughSunday.L (#(# 0   (#(#  X0  0@(#(#TheparticipantsconvertedeachoneoftheseoutingsintoproAristidedemonstrations $ t callingforMr.Aristides returninthewakeofhissuddendepartureonFebruary29. `(#(# M "3""  32#  35  .3  0    SimonGardnerandJosephGuylerDelva, InterviewJailedAristideaideHaiti   massacre,(April8,2004).3A݌ (#(# Ќ  0  0@(#(#MembersofexiledAristide sLavalasFamilypartysaytheyarethetargetofawitchhunt   byrebelsandtheinterimU.S.backedgovernmmentofPrimeMinisterGerardLatortue.l (#(# 0   (#(#  X0  0@(#(#TheauthoritieshavearrestedmorethanadozenofAristide sassociatesonvaguecharges D of illdoingandissuedablacklistbanningdozensmorefromleavingthecountry 0 pendinginvestigationsofsuspectedgraft.l(#(# 0   (#(#  X0  0@(#(#Howeverithasmadenoefforttoarrestarmedrebelsaccusedofrightsabuseswho D continuetoroamfree,andmanyofwhomareexpectedtobeincorporatedintothepolice.0(#(#  "3#"  342#  36  .3  0    BureauofInternationalInformationPrograms,U.S.DepartmentofState,  http//usinfo.state.gov, PowellSaysU.S.CommittedtoHaitisLongTerm  DevelopmentStressesimportanceofresponsiblegovernmentanddisarmament,    (April,8,2004).34a݌|(#(# Ќ  / 0  0@(#(#IntheradiointerviewconductedduringhisApril5visittoHaiti,Powellnotedthatthe )y UnitedStatesrecentlyhadcommitted$55millionineconomicandotherassistanceto e Haiti.HesaidtheUnitedStatesalsoplanstoworkwithinternationalfinancial  Q institutions,otherinternationalorganizations,andtheEuropeanUniontoprovide  = additionalassistancetoHaiti.!) (#(# 0   (#(#  X0  0@(#(#Powellacknowledgedthatitwilltake alongtimetofosterHaitiandevelopment,to #" createjobsandtobuildtheeconomy,butindicatedthat theUnitedStatesiscommitted $# forthatlongatime.% $(#(#  X0  0@(#(#U.S.andinternationalsupportnotwithstanding,hesaid,Haiti sfuturedevelopmentis a'"& largelydependentontheestablishmentofatransparentgovernmentandaneconomic M(#' environmentconducivetotradeandinvestment. 9)$((#(# "3$"  3a2#  37  .3  0    VariousreportsfromAHPNews, AmnestyInternationalDenouncesRights +a&* Abuses;CARLIAccusesLatortueGovernmentofDoubleStandard;ALLAH +M'+ RejectsAgreementonTransitionProcessSignedBetweenLatortueGovernment,  DemocraticConvergenceandGroupon184;OperationDecember15,2002  CriticizesAgreementonTransitionProcessSignedBetweenLatortueGovernment,  DemocraticConvergenceandGroupof184;U.S.AmbassadortoHaitiStatesApril t 6AgreementwillFacilitateHoldingofGoodElections;SoldiersofMultinational ` ForceFreePoliceOfficerArrestedbyRebels.(April7,2004).3a݌L (#(# Ќ  0  0@(#(# ThemembersoftheAmnestyInternationaldelegationindicatedthattheyhadconducted $ t morethan50interviewsinthePortauPrincemetropolitanareathroughwhicha  ` profoundsenseofinsecurityandfearwasexpresseddespitethepresenceofthe  L  multinationalforce. 8 (#(# 0   @ *** (#(# 0   (#(# 0  0@(#(#TheCommitteeofLawyersfortherespectofIndividualLiberties(CARLI)publisheda   reportthisWednesdayonits~~HotLine~programforthemonthofMarch2004. (#(# 0   (#(#  X0  0@(#(#Inthereport,theHaitianhumanrightsorganizationdescribesseveralcasesofhuman \ rightsviolationsandtelephoneappeaLsreceivedfromseveralvictims.H(#(# 0   (#(#  X0  0@(#(#CARLISecretaryGeneralRenanH~douviLlesaidthatduringthemonthofMarchseveral  p casesofsummaryexecutionweredocumented,notabLythatoffiveyoungmenmurdered  \ bypoLiceofficersstationedattheCafeteriaprecinctstation.H(#(# 0   (#(#  X0   @ ThevictimsweremembersoftheFanmiLavalaspoliticalorganization. (#(# 0   (#(# 0   @ ***(#(# 0   (#(#  X0  0@(#(#ThePartyfortheLiberationandtheAdvancementofHaiti(ALLAH)rejectedthe  documentonthetransitionprocessWednesdaythatwasagreedbetweentheLatortue l governmentandtheDemocraticConvergencealongwiththeGroupof184.X (#(# 0   (#(#  X0  0@(#(#ALLAHleaderReynoldGeorgessaidthatthisagreementisnotbindingonpolitical 0"  partiesthatarenotpartofthe184coalitionandtheConvergence.#l!(#(#  X0  0@(#(#Mr.Georgesconsidersthatthisstrategyofexclusionprovesthatthecurrentgovernment $D # ispreparingtoorganizeofficialelectionswithouttheparticipationofthepopulation.%0!$(#(# 0   (#(# 0   @ ***'#&(#(# 0  0@(#(#TheleaderoftheDecember15Operationdeploredthat theconsensualagreementwas )$( signedonlybythegovernment,afewpoliticalparties,andafractionofthecountry scivil |*%) societyorganizations.h+&*(#(#  X0  0@(#(# Thisdocumentisfarfrombeingapoliticalagreement,orevenaconsensualagreement,  assertedMr.Durandis,addingthatitwasconceivedinthespiritofkeepingatadistance  someofthepoliticalgroupingsthatbelongedtothe DemocraticPlatform,whichinhis t viewwasatrueexampleofunity.`(#(# 0   (#(# 0   @ ***8 (#(# 0   (#(# 0  0@(#(#U.S.AmbassadortoHaitiJamesFoleystatedTuesdaythattheaccordonthetransition  ` processreachedbetweentheLatortuegovernmentandelementsoftheexopposition  L  coalitionwillfacilitatetheholdingofgoodelectionsinthecountry. 8 (#(# 0   (#(#  X0  0@(#(#Mr.FoleyaskedtheotherpartiesincludingtheFanmiLavalasPoliticalorganizationto   signthedocumentbecausethenextelectionswillbeopentoallparties. (#(# 0   (#(# 0   @ *** (#(# 0  0@(#(#ThesoldiersofthemultinationalforcedeployedinGonaivesintervened XTuesdayinthe \ populistcommunityofRaboteautofreeapoliceofficerarrestedbytheformerrebelsof H  XGonaives. 4(#(#  "3%"  32#  38  .3  0    VariousArticlesfromAHPNews, AgreementonTransitionProcessSigned;  \ LatortuePromisesLanguageofAgreementWillbeRespected;Convergenceand H Groupof184Satisfiedwith ConsensusforPoliticalTransition;ArrestofInterior 4 MinisterofAristideGovernment;Georges:ArrestofPrivertIllegaland   Unconstitutional;HonoratDenouncesCampaignofDenigrationofPPNandActsof   Repression,(April6,2004). 3݌(#(# Ќ  0  0@(#(#TheAlexandre/Latortuegovernmentandseveralpoliticalsectorsofthegovernment  connectedtotheexPlatformoftheoppositionandtoaportionofthesocallednon p alignedpartiessignedapoliticalagreementthisTuesdayatthenationalpalacerelatingto \  theprocessoftransition.H!(#(# 0   (#(#  X0  0@(#(#Inthisdocumententitled consensusonpoliticaltransition,theinterimgovernment  #p! declareditscommitmenttofightinginsecuritybydisarmingtheillegalarmedgroupsand  $\" toimprovingthesystemoforganizationoftheHaitianNationalPolice.$H #(#(# 0   (#(#  X0  0@(#(#TheauthoritiesalsocommittedthemselvestobegindiscussionswiththeunitedStateson & "% thestatusofthemultinationalforceinHaitiandthepeacekeepingmissionthatisto ' #& succeedthisforce.(#'(#(# 0   (#(#  X0  0@(#(#Thegovernmentaffirmeditsdeterminationtocombatimpunitybyopeningserious *%) investigationsintocasesofkillings,theftandrapecommittedagainstthepopulation.l+&*(#(# 0   (#(#  X0  0@(#(#Theauthoritiesalsopromisedtoworktointegratetherebelsintonationallifeandto  createconditionsfavorabletoreflectinginasubstantivewayontheholdingofanational  conferenceandonanewsocialcontract.t(#(# 0   (#(#  X0  0@(#(#Thecontentsofthisdocument,supportedandsignedbysectorsofwhatwasformerlythe L  oppositiontoPresidentAristide,providesfortheestablishmentofaforeignservice 8  describedasorientedtowardeconomicandsocialprogressfortheHaitianpeople.$ t(#(# 0   (#(#  X0  0@(#(#Thedocumentstatesthatanadequateeconomicandsocialpolicyshouldbeadoptedby  L  thenewgovernmentinordertorelievethemiseryoftheHaitianpeople. 8 (#(# 0   (#(#  X0  0@(#(#Thisdocumentalsoprovidesforindepthreformsofthecivilserviceinordertoprovidea   foundationforthegovernmentthatwillemergefromtheelectionsscheduledfor2005. (#(# 0   (#(#  X0  0@(#(#Thegovernmentsaysithasalsotakenonthemissionofaccompanyingyoungpeopleand   thevictimsofthe(allegedfinancialmismanagement)ofthecooperativesintheirquestfor p justiceandreparations.\(#(# 0   (#(#  X0  0@(#(#Thedocumentincludesanumberofotherpointssuchastheformationofthenext 4 ProvisionalElectoralcouncil,consistentwithOASResolution822. p(#(# 0   (#(#  X0  0@(#(#Accordingtothedocument,electionswillbeheldforeveryelectedoffice,fromthe H CASECstothepresidency.4(#(# 0   (#(#  X0  0@(#(#Asstatedinthedocument,thepowersofthe councilofthewisewillbetoobservethe   actionofthegovernmentandtoaskmembersofthegovernmenttoprovideinformation.  Itistobeconsultedonallimportantquestions,particularlythedraftbudget,agreements  anddecrees.(#(# 0   (#(#  X0  0@(#(#SeveralpoliticalpartiesincludingFanmiLavalaswerenotaskedtoparticipateinthe X  consultationsthatledtoD!(#(# 0   (#(# 0   @ ***#l!(#(# 0   (#(# 0  0@(#(#InterimPrimeMinisterGerardLatortuedeclaredTuesdaythatthedocumentrelatingto $D # thetransitionprocesssignedbyhisgovernmentandbyvariouspoliticalsectors,tracesthe %0!$ pathtobefollowedtosavethecountry.&"%(#(# 0   @ ***(#'(#(# 0   (#(# ! ZX!0 Z 0Z(#Z(#TheDemocraticConvergenceandtheGroupof184hailedthesigningofthedocument |*%) called consensusforpoliticaltransition.TheleaderoftheKIDparty,EvansPaul0@ !nextel0@ !Z(#Z(#0@ !nextel0@ !nextel0@ !nextel0@ !nextel0@ !nextel0@ !nextel0@ !nextel0@ !nextel0@ !nextel h+&* speakingonbehalfoftheDemocraticConvergence,saidthatthetransitionshould  succeedbecauseitwillbeforthebenefitonHaitiansocietyingeneral.(#(# % XZ% X0  Mr.Pauladvocatedfortheestablishmentofnewdemocraticstructureswiththe t participationofalltheseentities.`(#(# 0   (#(#  X0  0@(#(#HesaidheregretsthattheFanmiLavalaspoliticalorganizationwasnotrepresentedin 8  thislargemeetinginthecontextofthesigningofthisimportantdocument.$ t(#(# 0   (#(# 0   @ *** L (#(# 0   (#(#  X0  0@(#(#Privert,wasarrestedduringthenightonMondayinPortauPrince.Heispresently $  incarceratedattheNationalPenitentiary. XLatortuegovernmentMinisterofJustice   BernardGousse,saidthatMr.Privertisaccusedofinvolvementinthelethalincidents   thattookplaceinSyrieaftertheSaintMarcpoliceheadquarterswascapturedbyrebels.    AnarrestwarrantwasissuedagainstJocelermePrivert,hesaid,bytheinvestigatingjudge   ofSaint~Marc.Theministerpromisedthathisgovernmentwillbringaboutrespectfor p thelaw. Hesaidthateverypersonwhoisincontraventionofthelawwillbeprosecuted \ regardlessofpoliticalaffiliation,anddeniedthatsupportersofFanmiLavalasarethe H objectofpoliticalpersecution.4(#(# 0   (#(#  X0  0@(#(#Accusedofpracticingaselectivepolicy,BernardGousseretortedthatifthatwerethe  \ caseyouwouldseemassarrestsandmassdismissals. XӀ Suchisnotthecase,hesaid.H(#(# 0 Z  Z(#Z(#  0  0@(#(#HoweverBernardGoussedidnotwishtocommentonthecasesoftwoconvicted   individualswhoarepresentlywalkingthestreets,LouisJodelChamblainetJean   Tatoune.(#(# 0   (#(# 0   @ ***(#(# 0  LawyerReynoldGeorgeshaslabeledthearrestoftheformerministeroftheinterior, X  JocelermePrivert, illegalandunconstitutional.D!(#(# 0   (#(#  X0  0@(#(#ReynoldGeorgessaidthatMr.PrivertwasarrestedathishomeTuesdayat2o clockin #l! themorning.Thisiscontrarytothelaw,hesaid,whichrequiresthatallarrestsbecarried $X" outbetween6AMand6PM.$D #(#(# 0   (#(#  X0   @ Heconsidersthatthisarrestispartofawitchhunt.&"%(#(#  X0  0@(#(#CertainjudicialactionsbytheLatortuegovernmentaredictatedbyindividualswhoare (#' pullingstrings,saidReynoldGeorges.)$((#(# 0   (#(# 0   @ ***h+&*(#(# 0   (#(# 0  0@(#(#ThePPNParty(NationalPopulistParty),denouncedTuesdayacampaignitclaimedwas  designedtotarnishitsimage.(#(# 0   (#(#  X0  0@(#(#APPNofficial,GeorgesHonorat,saidthatthiscampaignisfueledthroughthespreading ` ofrumorsagainsttheparty.L (#(# 0   (#(#  X0  0@(#(#Mr.Honoratalsodenouncedtheactsofrepressionperpetrated,hesaid,againstelements $ t ofthemostdisadvantagedsectors. `(#(# @* "3&"  32#  39  .3  0    PaisleyDodds,TheAssociatedPress,Washingtonpost.com, HaitiUrgedtoStop  8  RightsAbuses,(April7,2004).33݌$ (#(# Ќ  0  0@(#(#Amnestyfoundevidenceofintimidationandrightsabusesacrossthepoliticalspectrum,   despitethepresenceofamultinationalpeacekeepingforce.Butthegroupwaspointedly   criticaloftheinterimgovernment,ledbyPrimeMinisterGerardLatortue. (#(#  "3'"  32#  40  .3  0    TomDriver, OnthewayhomefromHaiti,(April5,2004). \ http://www.zmag.org/content/showarticle.cfm?SectionID=55&ItemID=52743݌H(#(# Ќ  0  0@(#(#HaitihassufferedaterriblehumiliationatthehandsoftheU.S.Althoughherpovertyis  p badenough,itdoesnotwoundthepsycheasdorecenteventsthatamounttoakindof  \ political/militaryrapeofthecountry.TheclockofHaitians selfgovernmenthasbeenset H backatleast50years.Onthesurface,lifecanappearrathernormal,butawfulfearsand 4 hatredsliejustunderneath,readytoensnareorexplode.Forexample: (#(# 0   (#(#  X0  0@(#(#Onedaywhenwereturnedinourvantothehousewherewelodged,avisitorcautioned  thatsomeonewaswatchingthehouseandstreetsomethingwehadnotnoticedand  weren tsurewhethertobelieve.Ourvisitorhadbroughtwithhim,foraninterviewwith  us,twomenwhowereprominentinPres.Aristide sLavalaspoliticalparty.Since l Aristide sousteroveramonthago,oneofthemenhasnotdaredsleepinthesamehouse X  twonightsrunning.Hequitourmeetingearlysoastostayonthemove.Laterthatdaywe D! foundoutthathisnamewasreadoutontheradio,whichislikebeingmarkedfordeath. 0"  Everyafternoonaround4p.m.namesarebroadcast.Perhapstheyareonalistofthose #l! whomthenewgovernmentwantstoarrest,orperhapslistenerscallinwiththenameof $X" soandso.AllarelinkedwithAristideinsomeway.Someofthosenamedsoon $D # disappear.TodaymostofHaiti sradiostationshavefallensilent,whiletheremaining %0!$ onesareownedbymembersof theopposition,whichofcourseisnolongerin &"% oppositiontothegovernment,becauseduringthenightofFebruary2829theUnited '#& StatesbroughtaboutaregimechangeinHaiti. (#'(#(#  "3("  32#  41  .3  0    AmnestyInternational, Haiti:RetrialofLouisJodelChamblain!testforjudicial |*%) systeminHaiti,(April2004). h+&* http://web.amnesty.org/library/Index/ENGAMR360352004?open&of=ENG-HTI3݌(#(# Ќ  0  0@(#(#SincethedepartureofPresidentAristideattheendofFebruary,Haitihascontinuestobe(#(# 0   @ grippedbyseriouscivilconflict,withalackofruleoflawandlittlerespectforhumant(#(# 0   @ rights.`(#(# 0   (#(# 0  S 8 0@(#(#Theinterimgovernmenthasmovedswiftlytoarresthighrankingmembersofformer   PresidentAristide'sgovernmentandLavalasFamilypartysuspectedofactsofpolitical w  violenceorcorruption.However,ithas,upuntilnow,failedtoactagainstanumberof c  knownperpetratorsofgravehumanrightsviolations,someofwhomhavebeenthe O   leadersoftheuprisingthatledtothedepartureofPresidentAristide. ; (#(# "3)"  3(2#  42  .3  0    AmnestyInternational, Armedgroupsstillactive:FindingsofAmnesty c  InternationalDelegation,(April8,2004). O  http://web.amnesty.org/library/Index/ENGAMR360302004?open&of=ENG-HTI3(U݌; (#(# Ќ  0  0@(#(#AmnestyInternationalhasalsoreceivedrecentreportsofkillings andkidnappingsof  personsbelongingtoproAristidegrassrootsorganizationsinpoorneighbourhoodsof  PortauPrince.Amongthoseallegedlyresponsiblewereseveralescapedprisonerswho  hadbeenjailedforrapesandothercommoncrimes.Thesemenhavereportedlybeen  workingtogetherwiththeHaitianpoliceandMIFforcestoidentifypeopleassociated w withtheLavalasregime.c(#(#  "3*"  3O2#  43  .3  0    NationalLawyersGuildDelegation:SummaryReportPhaseI,(March29April5, ; 2004). 'w http://www.nlg.org/programs/international/Haiti_delegation_report_phaseII.pdf3O|݌c(#(# Ќ  0  0@(#(#Ingeneral,thedelegationfoundthehumanrightssituationgrave.Theconditionsare ; especiallyprecariousandevidencelittlehopeforimprovementduetothealmosttotal ' lackofknowledgeabout,andmediaattentionto,thehumanrightsabusestakingplace.  Layereduponthegravity,thereisageneralsenseinthepeopleofinsecuritydueto,   amongotherthings,(i)killings,(ii)curfews,(iii)thelackofpoliceoranyformof ! workingjudicialsystem,(iv)patrolsofprivate,heavilyarmedmilitias,(v)thedoubling "  ortriplingoffoodandfuelprices,(vi)thefalloftheHaitiancurrencyagainsttheU.S. s#! dollar,(vii)anabnormallackofelectricityinthecities,and(vii)theunauthorizedreturn _$" oftheuniformedandarmedsoldiersofHaitianArmythatPresidentAristidehad K% # decommissionedin1994foritshistoricaloppressionof Haitispoor.Althougha3,600 7&!$ membermultinationalmilitaryforce(U.S.,French,andCanadianmarines)ispresent,its #'s"% patrolswerenotobservedoutsideofPortauPrinceand,withinPortauPrince,itis (_#& generallyseenonlyinthepoorestofthecrowdedslumneighborhoods(e.g.,CiteSoleil, (K$' BelAire,LaSaline).Finally,thedelegationfoundoverwhelmingevidencethatthe )7%( victimsofthethreatsandviolencehavebeensupportersoftheelectedgovernmentof *#&) PresidentAristideandtheFanmiLavalasparty,electedandappointedofficialsinthat +'* governmentorparty,oremployeesofthegovernment,includingpolice.Manyarein  hidinginthemountainsorinPortauPrince,othershavebeenbeatenandorkilled.Many  oftheirhomeshavebeenselectivelydestroyed,mostlybyarson.(#(# a"3+"  3 2#  44  .3  0    LawyersGuildDelegation:SummaryReportPhaseII,(Spring2004). 'w http://www.nlg.org/programs/international/Haiti_delegation_report1.pdf3 n ݌ c(#(# Ќ    0  0@(#(# Theemergenceandcontinuedpresenceofarmedgangsincludingknownhumanrights  ; violators. '(#(# 0   (#(# 0  0@(#(#The delegation foundsupportforthereportsofAmnestyInternational,HumanRights @!     Watch,andtheQuixoteCenterofthereemergenceofarmedgangscomprisedof @    previouslyconvictedhumanrightsperpetrators.Inparticular,the delegationvisiteda @!    formergarrisonoftheHaitianArmyinCapHa5tienandobservedthereanarmedgroup @"  w  ofapproximately120menledbyMichelDieuseul,aformermemberoftheHaitian c  military.AlthoughDieuseulstatedthathisgrouprepresentedthereconstitutedHaitian O  Army,thattheirpurposewastorestoreorderandtheyhadnotcommittedanyhuman ; rightsviolations,thisclaimwasbeliedbyseveralAristidesupporterswhowereinhiding 'w inthearea,whodescribedhumanrightsabusesandmurdersbythesearmedgroups.In c fact,thearmyhasnotbeenofficiallyreconstituted,andhasnorecognizedcommand O structure.The delegation alsodocumentedanumberofburnedprivatehomesand ; vehiclesaswellasburnedpolicestationswhichwitnessessaidweredestroyedbythese ' armedindividuals.HumanRightsWatchobservedinFebruarythat formermembersof  theHaitianArmedForces(ForcesArmesdHaiti,FAdH),havebeenmobilizingaround  theborderoftheDominicanRepublicincentralHaitiforaboutthreeyearsand resent  PresidentAristideforhavingdismantledthearmyin1995.SomeFAdHofficerswho  werereturnedto<  <  HaitibytheU.S.followingtheirconvictionsintheRaboteauMassacre s (1994)trialescapedfromthe National PenitentiaryonFebruary29.Theseincludethree _ membersoftheFAdHHighCommandduringHaitis19911994dictatorship,including K JeanClaudeDuperval,thehighestrankedsoldiereverdeportedfromtheUStoface 7 humanrightscharges.SomeFAdHmembersfoundedtheRevolutionaryFrontfor # s HaitianAdvancementandProgress(Frontrvolutionnairepourlavancementetle !_ progrsha5tien,FRAPH)in1993andsomeFRAPHareamongtheleadersoftherebel !K  forces,accordingtoAmnestyInternational.The delegation foundcorroborationofhuman "7! rightsviolationsinCapHa5tien,Gona5ves,andPortauPrince,andconnectionsbetween ##" theseviolationsandthearmedgroups.Additionally,the delegation foundsupportforthe $ # QuixoteCentersconclusionthat theinterimgovernmenthasnotevenattemptedto % $ createtheillusionthatitisinclusiveand appearstobeimplicitlysupportingviolent &!% criminalsatlarge,andresurgentmilitaryandparamilitarygroups.Inotherwords,the '"& interimgovernmentis condoningalargeviolentfactionthatiscommittinghumanrights o(#' violations.TheseconclusionscausetheNLG delegation deepconcern.<݌[)$((#(# Ќ  0   (#(#  0   @ ii.3+&*(#(# <  0  SS<   0@(#(#Continuedrepression,violence,andhumanrightsviolationstowardsSupportersofthe S  ElectedGovernmentIngeneral,the delegation foundcontinuedrepression,violence,and ? humanrightsviolationstowardssupportersoftheelectedgovernment.Allpersonsthe +  delegation interviewedwhowereinhidingidentifiedthemselvesassupportersofAristide  ortheconstitutionalgovernment.Thesepersonswereinhidingbecausetheyfearedfor  theirlivesorsafety.Theseincludedaformer nationalgovernmentofficial,adirectorofa @"    communityradiostation,communityandneighborhoodleaders,aschoolteacherand @!    administrator,andagraduatestudent.Thesepersonstestifiedthattheyknewofpersons @~"  w  whowerekilledbytheantiAristidearmedgangsandalsoknewpersonswhohad @  c  disappearedand/orgoneintohiding.ThesefindingssupporttheconclusionsofHRW,AI, O   andtheQuixoteCenterthatviolenceisdirectedlargelyatsupportersofAristide.< I݌; (#(# Ќ  0  b.RuleofLawc (#(# 0  i.Lackofadequateandproperlytrainedpolice.Corroboratingotherreports,the ;  delegationlearnedfromwitnessesthatpolicehadbeenkilledinseveralplaces,including ' MilotandCapHa5tien.Somelocaleshadnopolicepresence.Throughoutthenorthfrom  Gona5vestoCapHa5tien,policestationswereeitherburnedorabandonedandstripped  clean.Furthermore,policeofficialsinPortauPrinceadmittedthatthepoliceforcesthere  werediminishedandthatseveralhundredpolicemenhadbeenfiredforunspecified  reasonsafterthecoup.ThereisanewpolicecommissionerinPortauPrincewhostates s thatheis workingforthepopulationandto dothingslikewearesupposedtobe _ doing,butthereare alotofbadpoliceguysstillontheforce.Thesefactsandthe K continuedpresenceofarmedgangsinthethreecitiesvisitedbythedelegationsupports 7 theviewthatthepresentpoliceforcesareinadequate.ThedelegationsawFrencharmed #s forcesmeetingonthefieldattheCapHa5tienairportwithagroupofabout3050men _ whomweweretoldwerenewHaitianpolicerecruits.Itisnotclearwhotrainedthese K policemen.Asamatterofgeneralpolicy,theNLGdelegatesbelievethatmilitarytraining 7 isandshouldbedistinctfrompolicetraining.Theoverlapofmilitary rulesof # engagementwithpolicearrestproceduresmaycreatealegalvacuumintowhich  innocentpersonsmayfall,asmayhavebeenevidencedbythetestimonyoffiveprisoners   interviewedbythe delegation .Theseprisoners,whowerekeptinthePortauPrincejail ! (notthe National Penitentiary),hadbeenpickedupbyU.S.Marines,accusedofplanning "  toshootAmericansoldiers,andtakenfordetentiontothejail.Theprisonofficialdidnot s#! knoworquestionwhythemenweretobedetained.Therewasnoarrestwarrantandthe _$" Marineswereexpectedtoreturntointerrogatethemen,whoclaimedtheyweremerely K% # outdrinking.(The delegation alsointerviewedapoliceofficialarrestedwiththisgroup. 7&!$ Thisofficialcarriedanexpiredpoliceidentificationcard(acontinuingprobleminthe #'s"% system)andtheMarinesbelievedhewaslyingandbeathim.Uponarrivalatthejail,the(_#&(#(# <  0  <+   @ manwasrecognizedandreleased.Hegotsixstitchestohishead.)<++݌(K$'(#(# Ќ  0   (#(# 0   @ ii.Lackofadequatejudicialprocess.*#&)(#(# 0  +'*(#(# 0  0@(#(#Theincidentwiththefivejaildetaineesillustratesonepresentproblemwithjudicial @!   process.TheHaitianConstitution,Article26,requiresthatalldetaineesbegranteda @!   courthearingwithin48hoursofarrest.Apoliceofficialclaimedthat Nochargesare @!   broughtbecausenochargesneedtobebroughtagainstarrestees.ThisviolatesArticles @"  t 243and26,bothofwhichrequirelegallycognizablebasesforarrestsanddetentions. ` However,wheremembersofthearmedforcesoftheMultinationalInterimForce(MIF) L   arrestindividualsanddepositthemwithpolice,thequestionofproperlegalprocess 8  arises.Whilethe delegation wastoldthatU.S.Marinesdonotarrestpeople,theevidence $ t wasclearthatdefactoarrestsbyMarineswereoccurringandthatthesewerewithouta  ` warrantorshowingofprobablecause.Whilethe delegation didraisethisissuewiththe  L  U.S.Embassy,wewerenotabletofollowuporconfirmthatanyofthedetaineeswe  8  interviewedwereinfactgrantedhearingsorthatanymeasuresweretakentostop $  unlawfularrestsbyMarines.The delegationdidnotfurtherinvestigatethestatusofthe   judicialsystem. (#(# 0   @ c.Security (#(# 0   (#(# 0   @ i.Personsinhiding.\(#(# 0   (#(# <  0  0@(#(#<J4  Itwascleartoallmembersofthe delegationineveryareaofHaititheyvisitedthat @!  4 securityforgovernmentsupportersandmembersofpopularorganizationsworkingfor @8"   p peasantsrights,democracy,and/orAristidewasseverelylackingandthatthesepersons @"   \ continuedtobeingravedanger.Inatonecase,anentirefamilynumberingthreedozen @b"  H peopleandincludingwomen(oneofwhomwaspregnantandhadbeeninjuredbyan @!  4 armedgangmember),andyoungchildren,wereinhiding.Allofthesepersonsexpressed @#    thattheyhadbeentargetedbythreatsduetotheirengagementinlawfulpoliticalactivity.<J44݌ (#(# Ќ  0  0@(#(# (#(# 0  0@(#(#Inadditiontothedangersthesepersonsfaced,theNLGisconcernedabouttheirinability  toexercisetheirrightstofreespeechandpoliticalorganizing.(#(# "3,"  3=92#  45  .3  0    PaxChristi, PaxChristiUSADenouncesU.S.SupportedCoupinHaiti,(Spring X  2004).4oup O  5  jbhttp://www.paxchristiusa.org/news_statements_more.asp?id=88968:OL:con  7ou": 3=9m9݌D!(#(# Ќ  0  So##l?+ ` hp x X? PaxChristiUSAcallsupontheBushAdministrationtoreverseitsstanceonHaitian o#! refugees.Forcedrepatriationofthosewhoarefleeingfrompoliticalpersecutionis [$" inhumane,illegalundertheUNConferenceof1951,andmorallyunacceptable.Wejoin G% # withBishopThomasG.WenskiofOrlando,FL,ChairoftheMigrationCommitteeofthe 3&!$ UnitedStatesConferenceofCatholicBishopswhohascalledontheBushAdministration 'o"% to notplaceshipsclosetotheshoresofHaitiforthepurposeofdiscouragingHaitians  ([#& fleeingfromviolenceandpersecution.Neithershouldourcountryinterdictrefugeeson (G$' thehighseasandimmediatelyreturnthemtoHaiti.Forthedurationofthecrisis,Pax )3%( ChristiUSAcallsupontheBushAdministrationtogranttemporaryasylumintheU.S.to *&) Haitianrefugees,toofferdueprocessforthoseseekingpermanentasylum,andascalled + '* forbyBishopWenski, identifyappropriatelocationsfortheprocessingofHaitian  refugeesthatallowsthemaccesstoasylumadjudicators,counsel,healthcareservices,  includingmentalhealthcare,andothersupportservices.AsBishopWenskiclearly  statedtotheAdministrationonFebruary24th, weopposetheuseofGuantanamoBay t NavalBaseforsuchprocessing.TheprisonlikeatmosphereatGuantanamoBaywould ` onlyexacerbateanytraumatheserefugeeshaveexperiencedandlimittheiraccessto L  muchneededservices,particularlyvulnerablegroupssuchasunaccompaniedminors. 8  Rather,asylumseekersshouldbebroughttoanappropriatesiteontheU.S.mainland $ t wheretheywillbeprovidedadequateandhumaneconditionsincludinghousing,  ` sanitation,socialandspiritualsupportservices,legalrepresentationanddueprocess. L (#(#  "3-"  3lD2#  46  .3  0    QuixoteCenter/HaitiReborn, EmergencyHaitiObservationMission,(March23 $  April2,2004) . 4ou2 O  5  :http://www.quixote.org/hr/misc/ob-miss-mar04.pdf6sEOEww.p  7:/<E 3lDD݌ (#(# Ќ    A.HumanRightsAbusesandaCampaignofTerror   0  TheinsecurityinHaitihasseveralcomponents,including:theresurgenceofmilitaryand t paramilitaryforces,freedcriminalsandhumanrightsviolatorswalkingthestreetsand ` controllinglargeareasoutsidethecapital,theintegrationofresurgentparamilitaryand L militaryintotheHaitianNationalPolice,weaponsproliferation,andarmedgangs.Of 8 mostgraveconcernisasystematiccampaignofterrorwhichtargetsmainlythepoorwho $t havesupportedPresidentJeanBertrandAristide,theFanmiLavalasparty,and ` participatorydemocracy.TheHaitianpresspresentlyplaysakeyroleinthepersecution. L Theinterimgovernmentisnotonlyallowingthiscampaigntoproceed,itisactively 8 participating.Accordingtonearlyallthetestimony,eyewitnessaccounts,andreportsby $ familymembersofvictims,U.S.Marineshavealsotakenpartintheterroristcampaign.  ManytestifythatthosebeingtargetedthroughoutHaitiaresupportersofLavalas.Jacob  JeanFrancois,ateacherandunionmemberfromCapHaitien,sharedthisstory:(#(# 0  IamateacherandIwasarrestedonMonday.March15at10:45am.Myfriendsfrom p theCTH(ConfederationofHaitianWorkers)cametogetmeonMarch16.[Thosewho \  arrestedmelaccusedmeofgivinggunsto30people,bumingtiresandhouses.Iama H! teacherandIamcertifiedinLaw.Theaccusationswerefalseandusedjusttoholdme. 4"  TheyreproachedmebecausethereisamovementtoremoveallLavalas...Allthese  #p! formersoldiersarepointingfingersandarrestingpeople.AnyonewithLavalasishiding  $\" inthenorth.$H #(#(# 0  JacquesBelzin,alawyerandthecoordinatoroftheHaitianCommissionfortheRespect & "% ofHumanRights(CHREDHU)explained, Theyareagainstusbecauseweaskedfor ' #& reconciliationamongpoliticalactors.(#'(#(#  X0  MembersofHaiti slargesthumanrightsorganization,theFondasyonTrantSeptamn @!  *%) (FTS)areinhidingthroughoutthecountry.ETSheldaweeklyvigilinthePlazaof l+&* Martyrs,acrossthestreetfromHaiti sNationalPalace,eachWednesdayformorethan  tenyears.Theyworkforjusticeandanendtoimpunity,andmembersarepredominantly  urbanslumdwellerswhowerevictimizedduringthe1991coupd etat.additionally,FTS  coordinatedacampaigntopreventtheHaitianArmyfrombeingreestablished.Aphoto t exhibitionofthevictimsandcriminalsofthecoupperiodtraveledtoeachofHaiti snine ` geographicaldepartmentsandmembersofFTSgathered150,000namesonapetition L  callingforaConstitutionalamendmenttooutlawtheHaitianArmy.Theirleader 8  LovinskyPierreAntoine,apsychologistwithalonghistoryofworkingwithtorture $ t victims,wentintoexileonMarch2. `(#(#  X0  RepresentativesofFTSinPortauPrincecameoutofhidingtomeetwithourdelegation,  8  andtheymustremainanonymousfortheirsafety.Theytestifiedaboutwhytheyhave $  goneintohiding: (#(#  ?X0  Humanrightshavebeenviolatedandweneedjustice.Weareaskingyoutohelpuswith   theviolationsandfindjustice.Manypeoplearedying,particularlyinpopular   neighborhoodswheretheyaredyingbythedozens.p(#(# 0  InKafou,aboutthirtymilitantsdisappeared.InCapHaitien,theydroppedLavalas H membersintoaholeandkilledthem.InPortauPrince,youngmilitantswerekilledand 4 buriedinthecitybecausetheywerepartofLavalas...Weareinhiding.Therearegraver  p casesthanwhatyouseeheretoday,buttheycouldn tcomeandareinhiding.(journalist  \ andFTSmember)H(#(#  ?0  Wehavebeenvictimizedmanytimesbecauseweareoneswhofightandspeakout.All   ofuswomenherehadapetitionsentaroundthecountrytoremovethemilitary.Nowwe   havetohide.Ittookalotforustocomeheretoday.Everyoneknowsusandislookingfor  us.WearepartofBush sdeckofcards...TheyarelookingforallmembersoftheFTS.  Wehavetomovearoundconstantly.(#(#  X  Peoplearedying.EverydayinKafou,theyarefindingbodieseverywhere. X   X  IfanyonetodaysaystheyareLavalas,theyarepersecuted. 0"   X  Thosewhorapedusbeforearenowforcingusintohidingagain. $X"  % X0  0@ng, Weareheretoday;tonightyouneverknow.Two,three,orfourofuscouldbe %0!$ kidnapped.Theyputabagoveryourheadandyou regone.2004isworsethan1991 &"% becausetherearealotofdifferentfactionskillingpeople.IntheCentralPlateau,when '#& theyarrestLavalassupporters,theydigahole,putdryleavesinthehole,andthenburn (#' himalive.Formermilitarytakeawaythebodiesaftertheykillpeople,orfromthe )$( hospital,andyouwillneverseeit.Iwashitintheheadwitharevolver.Theybeatmeso |*%) muchthattodayIcan thearwell.Ineverknowwhenthey llpickmeup.Oncetheydo, h+&* I mdead.Theyknowus[ETSmembers]verywell,they relookinghardforus,andwe  areallinhiding.(#(#    ~0  Radiostationsreadthenamesofpeoplewhohavebeenblacklistedeachdayat4pm.One t oftheFTSrepresentativesgavetheobservationmissionacopyofthelist,withstarsnext ` tothenamesofthosewhohavedisappearedalready.Namesarereadrandomly L  throughouttheday,aswell.FormerMinisterofSecurityduringAristide sfirstterm, 8  PatrickElie,explained, ThereisnotasingleprisonerleftinHaiti,exceptthoseLavalas $ t memberswhohaverecentlybeenarrested.Haitiisintotalchaos,andaveryscaryone.  ` Namesarebeinglistedontheradio,andthepoliticalclimateisoneofaterrorcampaign  L  againstFanmiLavalas.FatherEdnerDeValcinofFanmiLavalasalsotalkedaboutthe  8  useofradio, Thereshouldbenoarrestswithoutawarrant,butwhentheradiosaysyour $  name,youarearrested. (#(#     X0  Ourobservationmissionmetwithastudentleaderwhowentintohidingafterhisname   wasreadontheradio.FratzElieLegros,astudentinKafou,wasincludedinaweeklylist   ofallegedhumanrightsabuserscompiledbytheCARLIhotline.PamelaCallen,deputy p director,explainedthattheCARLIhotlineissupportedbyheragency,theU.S.Agency \ forInternationalDevelopment.UnknownaccuserscalledthehotlineandclaimedLegros H washandingoutweaponsinKafou.Itwasthischargethatputhimintohidinginitially. 4 AccordingtotheAgenceHaitiennedePresse(AHP,orHaitianPressAgency),CARLI  p issuesalisttothepresseachweekofallthosethatanonymouscallersaccusethroughthe  \ hotline.Thishotlinehasbecomeakeyelementintheterrorcampaign.H(#(#  4  X0  IthasbeenreportedthatRadioCaraibesrepeatedlyinformedthepublicthatLegroswas   beingheldattheFacultyandaskedthatthepolicebesenttheretoarresthim.Thisincited   violence,andotherstudentsfromotherpartsoftheuniversitycampuswenttojointhose  waitingforLegrosattheLawFaculty.Therehavebeenmanyinterventionsofthiskind.  Manytimesthoseinterveningontheradioserveasinformants.(#(#  l  X0  Whoaretheperpetratorsofthisterrorcampaign?Inthenorth,thereislittledistinction X  betweentheformerparamilitaries,formermilitaryandcriminalsatlargewhoareacting D! aspoliceandthejudiciary.Someofthemostnotablefiguresare:0" (#(#  #l!  J X0  LouisJodelChamblain:HumanRightsWatchreportedthathewasasergeantinthe $X" Haitianarmy(FAd H),andamemberoftheeliteCorpsdesLeopards.Heleftthearmyin $D # 1989or1990and Jreappearedin1993asoneofthefoundersoftheRevolutionaryFront %0!$ forAdvancementandProgressinHaiti,FRAPH).HewasFRAPH ssecondincommand. &"% Chamblainwassentenced inabsentiatolifeinprisonforthe1993murderofactivist '#& AntoineIzmery,aswellasforinvolvementintheRaboteau J(#'(#(#  J 0  Massacre,anotorious1994slaughterinGonaives.Hewasalsolinkedtothe1993 )$( assassinationofJusticeMinisterGuyMalary.TheNYbasedCenterforConstitutional |*%) Rightsobtaineda1993CIAh+&*(#(#  %X0  IntelligenceMemorandomthatstated, FRAPHmembersJodelChamblain,Emmanuel  Constant,andGabrielDouzab lemetwithanunidentifiedmilitaryofficeronthemorning  of14Octobertodiscuss0@PressAgplanstokill[JusticeMinisterGuy]Malary.Chamblainescaped  totheDominicanRepublicIn1994,aftertheU.S.militaryinterventioninHaiti,and t returnedtothecountryinthelate2003orearly2004. `(#(#  L    0  JeanPierreBaptiste,knownasJeanTatouneledantiDuvaliermobilizationsin1985that 8  forcedXJeanClaudefrompower.butlaterbecamealeaderoftheFRAPHdeathsquadin $ t 1993~l994.2Tatounewasconvictedofparticipatinginthe1994RaboteauMassacre.He  ` escapedfromaGonaivesprisoninJuly2003.Tatouneemergedasoneoftheleadersof  L  theCannibalArmyonSeptember22,2003followingthedeathofAmiot Cubain  8  Metayer.HehasterrorizedgovernmentofficialsandsupportersinGonaiveswithhis $  CannibalArmygangsinceSeptember22.Therearereportsthatresidentsinvolvedinthe   RaboteautrialfledGonaivesbecauseofthreatsfromTatoune sgangmembers.The   CannibalArmyviolentlytookcontrolofGonaiveonFebruary5,2004tostartthearmed   revoltagainstAristide. (#(#  0  GuyPhilippe:SelfproclaimedheadoftheHaitianArmy.HaitianaswellasU.S. \ government Xofficialshaveaccusedhimofinvolvementindrugtraffickingandthreecoup H plotsin2000and2001.(MiamiHerald,2/28)Hewasoneof10formerarmyofficers 4 trainedbytheU.S.inEcuadorandgiventoppostsinthenewHaitianNationalPolice  p Force.KnownastheLatinos, thesemenarerecognizedbywesterndiplomaticsources  \ asheavilyinvolvedinthedrugtradeandinfomentingpoliticalupheaval(SanFrancisco H Chronicle,3/4/04).AccordingtoHumanRightsWatch,between1997and1999,he 4 servedaspolicechiefinDelmas,onthenorthsideofthePortauPrincemetropolitan   area.Duringhistenurethere,theUN/OASInternationalCivilianMissionlearnedthat   dozensofsuspectedgangmembersweresummarilyexecuted.(C.Arthur,HaitiSupport  Group)(#(#  X0  CarlDorelienwasconvictedandreceivedalifesentenceforhisroleintheRaboteau l massacre.HealsofacesacivillawsuitfiledinMiamicourts.Thefamilymembersofa X  victimoftheRaboteaumassacreareseekingcompensation.USimmigrationauthorities D! arrestedhiminJune2001.HewassenttoHaitiinJanuary2003anddetainedatthe 0"  NationalPenitentiaryinPortauPrince.HewasfreedfromprisononFebruary29th  #l!  duringemassiveprisonbreak.$X"(#(#  X0  JeanClaudeDuperval:Haiti sChiefofPolicein1990and1991,atimewhenpolice %0!$ wereknowntocommitextrajudicialexecutions.Heservedasdeputycommanderinchief &"% oftheFADHfrom1992to1994.HedidnotparticipateintheRaboteaumassacre,buthe '#& knewoftheviolationsandtooknostepstopunishthoseinvolved.USimmigration (#' authoritiesreturnedDupervaltoHaitiinJanuary2004wherehewasdetainedatthe )$( NationalPenitentary.HewasfreedintheFebruary29th , jailbreak.|*%)(#(#  l+&*  X0  SincetheobservationmissionreturnedfromHaitiwehaveheardreportsthatsection  chiefsarealsoreturningtotheirformerpositionsinsomeruralconununities7Eveninthe  capital,itisnotcleariftheHaitianNationalPolice(PNH)aretrulypolice,oriftheyare  resurgentmilitaryandparamilitarywhojoinedtheforceafterPresidentAristide s t departureonFebruary29,2004.AccordingtoPrivatPrecil,formerDirectorGeneralof ` theMinistryofJustice, Wehaveconcernsforhumanrights,andweknowthatformer L  soldiershavetakenpoliceuniformsindifferentpartsofthecountry.8 (#(#  X0  Precilalsotalkedaboutastudentleaderwhosincethecouphasvisitedtheministriesto  ` rootoutLavalassupporters: L (#(# 0  IamtheGeneralDirectoroftheMinistryofJustice.Inormallyhavefourguyswhowork $  withmebutnosecurity.OnWednesdaymorning(March24)astudent,HerveSaintilus,   cametotheoffice.HestartedastudentmovementagainstAristide.Heaskedtheminister   toarrestmyassistants.Thepolicecame,andthey(myassistants)saidtheyworkedfor   me.ThepolicecameintomyofficetoaskhowIknowmyassistants,howlongI veknow   themandwheretheylive.TheyfledwhileIwastalkingtothepolice.Theydidthiswith p alltheministers,becausenoneoftheministersarefromtheLavalasparty.\(#(#  X0  ApproximatelyaweekafterthedelegationleftHaiti,Precilwasreplacedasdirector 4 generalandwentintoexileintheUnitedStates. p(#(#  X0  ThestudentmovementfoundedbySaintilusiscalledtheFEUH,ortheFederationof H HaitianUniversityStudents.Thisstudentgrouphasaquestionablehistory.Accordingto 4 Lovinsky XPierreAntoine,whoofferedthisinformationfromexileintheU.S.,Saintilus   usedtobea XsecurityguardfortheHaitianParliamentwhenitwascontrolledbytheOPL   (OrganizationofPeopleinStruggle,amemberoftheDemocraticConvergence)between  19951999.LovinskyexplainedthattheOPLgaveSaintilusajobasasecurityguardat  theirofficewhentheir XparliamentarytermsexpiredinJanuary1999.Hethenregisteredas  auniversitystudenttocreateastudentoppositionmovement,andtraveledtothe l DominicanRepublicasamemberoftheGroupof184toparticipateintrainingprogram X  conductedbytheInternationalRepublicInstitute(IRI). TheroleoftheIRIisdiscussedin D! moredepthbelow.CamilleChalmersalsonotedtheU.S. connectiontoSaintilus group.0" (#(#  0  0@0@0@ TheIRIhasarelationshipwiththeFEUHstudentmovement,buttheseweren tthe $X" leadersofthemovementoverall.$D #(#(# " XW" 0  ThecurrentinterimHaitiangovernmenthasimplicateditselfintheterrorcampaignin &"% manyways.Rev.EdnerDeValcinofFanmiLavalasclaimed, Whentheinvading '#& terroristsweretakingovercitiesinthecountrysidetheykilledalotofpeople,civilians (#' andpolice.ThegovernmentputinplacebytheU.S.iscollaboratingwiththese )$( terrorists.TherearethreemainissueswhichsupportDeValcin sclaim:|*%)(#(# ! X!  ) h+&* (1) Q OnMarch20,interimPrimeMinisterGerardLatortuetraveledtoGonaives.While  therehepraisedtherebelsthereas freedomfighters.Abrieftreatmentofthe  evolutionoftheGonaivesLiberationFrontexposesthesesocalled freedom  fightersforwhattheyreallyare. t  ` $ $(2) Q TheinterimgovernmenthasissuedalistofthekeyleadersoftheFanmiLavalas L  politicalorganizationandtheformerAristidegovernment.Thesenamesareread 8  regularlyontheradio,andthosenamedarenotallowedtoleavethecountry.The $ t firstarrestfromthislistoccurredonApril5whenformerMinisteroftheInterior,  ` JocelermePrivert,wastakenintocustody.Heisbeingheldonchargesof  L  involvementinamassacreoffiftypeoplethatsupposedlytookplaceinSt.Marc  8  justafterthecoupd etat.However,noindependentjournalistshavebeenableto $  findevidenceofmorethanfivekilledthatday.Thefactthatthewarrantfor   Privert sarrestprovidesnonamesornumbersofhisallegedvictims,creates   furtherquestionsconcerningthebasisforhisdetention.(#(#K(#      $ $(3) Q GeneralHerardAbraham,inhisroleasinterimMinisteroftheInteriorand p Security,hasalreadymovedtoincluderesurgentmilitaryintheHaitianNational \ Police.HehasalsoindicatedhisintentiontoreestablishtheHaitianArmy. H   )! !0  Inaddition,interimPrimeMinisterLatortuehaspubliclycommentedthatitisnota  p priorityofhisgovernmenttorecapturecriminalsfromthe1991coupd etat;hispriority  \ isthestruggleagainsttheLavalaschime,atermexplainedindetailbelow.8H(#(#  X0  Accordingtomany,U.S.Marinesaretakingpartinthecampaigntofindandarrest,and   insomecasesexecute,membersofFanmiLavalasandtheirsupporters.DamasGlomere   oftheCHREDHUdescribedtheU.S.MarinesandtheFrenchas patrollinginthe  strongholdsofFanmiLavalasandAristide.(#(#  X0  Oneincidentthathasescapedanyrealscrutinybytheinternationalpressisthealleged l massacreofasmanyasseventyeightpeopleinthekatyepopile,aheavilypopulatedpoor X  neighborhood,BelAir,inPortauPrince.Accordingtoreportsfromalmostevery D! individualandorganizationtheobservationmissioninterviewed,thedeathscameatthe 0"  handsofU.S.Marines. TheMarineshavesophisticatedweapons.Theyshootintheair #l! toblindpeople,Glomere(CHREDHU)alleged, andthenshootpeoplewithsilencers. $X" Seventyeightpeoplehavedied...thishastakenplaceespeciallyinBelAir.$D #(#(#  X0  AnneHastings,ExecutiveDirectorofFONKOZE,declaredthatsomeoftheemployees %0!$ ofherorganizationtoldher ourtroopshavekilledfarmorethanthesixpeoplereported &"% inthepress.Many,manymore.CamilleChalmers,SecretaryGeneraloftheHaitian '#& PlatformtoAdvocateforanAlternativeDevelopment(PAPDA),saidthathehadheard (#'  thatsixtypeoplediedinonedayinBelAir,addingthat themultinationalforces )$( cannotprovidesecurity.Theyincreaseinsecuritywiththeirtanksandtheirmissiles. |*%) SorelFrancoisofFanmiLavalasclaimed, TheMarineshavealistandarelookingfor h+&* militants.IfyougotoKafounowyouwillseealotofcadaversunderthebridges.Wecan  interviewatleastfiftyparentsinBelAirwhosechildrenhavebeentakenbyMarines.(#(#  X0  OurobservationmissionquestionedU.S.Embassystaffaboutthenighttimeraidsin t popularneighborhoods.AccordingtoConradTribble,apoliticaladvisorattheU.S. ` Embassy,disarmamentisn t explicitlyinthe[U.S.Marines ]mission,butimplicit. L  TribbleelaboratedthattheAmericansareconfiscatinganyweaponstheyseeinPortau 8  Prince,butthis isn tasignificantpartoftheaction.Workinghandinhandwiththe $ t PNH,theyareconductingan intelligencedrivenprocessofhomeraids.Theraidsaren t  ` extremelysuccessful.TribblecomparedthesearchestosimilarmaneuversinIraq: There  L  isonesuccessfulraidforeverysixhousesearchesinIraq;itisevenlesssuccessfulhere. 8 (#(#  X0  WhenaskedspecificallyabouttheincidentinBelAir,Tribblerepliedthat itis   ridiculoustosaythatsixtytoseventypeoplehavebeenkilledinBelAir.Aftersharing   thetestimonywehad Xgathered,weaskedTribbleifhewouldconsiderasmallscale   investigationintowhathappenedthere. Thereisnothingtoinvestigate,washis   response.p(#(#  0  ThecampaignbeingcarriedoutbyU.S.Marinesisnotsuccessfullydisarmingany H segmentofthepopulation,andhasn tevenbeguntotouchthe rebelsandresurgent 4 militarythatarerulinglargepartsofthecountry.AtthesametimetheMarineshave  p successfullycreatedterrorinthepoorestcommunitiesinPortauPrince.AnneHastings,  \ ExecutiveDirectorofFONKOZE,explainedthatH(#(# 0   (#(#  X0  Inthepopularneighborhoods(CiteSoleil,BelAir,etc.)thehelicopterscirclewithno   lightson.Radardetectiondevicesareusedtolocatecachesofarms"theyfindthemand   attack.Disarmamentmeansifyouhavetokillsomeonetogetthegunyoudoit.Manyof  thepeoplewithgunsareyoungpeoplewhodeservetheoptionofanotherlife.(#(#  X0  WeaponsproliferationinHaitihasreachedastonishingheights,andarmedindividuals l andstreetgangsareinvolvedinviolentactivities.Manyrefertotheseactorsaschime,but X  thistermhasmanymeaningsandisoftenusedtostigmatizepeoplefromimpoverished D! neighborhoodsorslumareas.Itisimportanttounderstandnotonlythespectrumofways 0"  chimeisbeingused,butthefrequencywithwhichitisused.Thewordliterallyreferstoa #l! firebreathingmonster.Thesearesomeofthewaysitwasexplainedtothemission:$X"(#(#  X  XFatherEdnerDeValcinofFanmiLavalasofferedthisdefinition: Membersofpopular %0!$ organizationsarecalledchime.Aristidedidn tcreatethem,theyhavebeenheresince &"% 1986.TheyidentifiedwithAristideastheirleader.Afterthecoupin1991thesepeople '#& werepersecutedmost,likeeighttotenoftheminahole,buriedalive.Thismadethem (#' frightened.Theirdefensetacticstheylearnedfromthearmy.In1994,anentire )$( neighborhoodinCiteSoleilwasdestroyedinanarsonattack.Thosepeopleformedan |*%) organization,andyoufindalotofpocketsofpeoplelikethis.WithoutAristidetheyknew h+&* theywouldhavetohide.  PrivatPrecil,formerDirectorGeneralfortheMinistryofJustice,describeditthisway:   Wedon thavechime,wehavepopularorganizationsandFanmiLavalas.Chimeisa t pejorativenamegivenbythebourgeoisietothepoorinsociety.Theyarealwayshungry, ` poor,unemployedandaggressive.Theyarenotjustaggressivetothebourgeois,theyare L  aggressivetoeveryone!Ifyoumeetthemonthestreettheywillaskyouformoney,they 8  willbecomeaggressive.Precilcontinued, Miserymakesthemchimeric.Theyarenot $ t anorganizationAristidemade,buttheysawAristideastheonlyhopetheyhad.When  ` Titidspoketheyunderstood.Thesearethepeoplebeingkillednow.  L  CONAPmembersbelievethat Aristide...demobilizedthepopularmovementandturned $  themintochime.PAPDAandtheHaitianWomen sSolidarityOrganization(SOFA,a   memberofCONAP),alongwiththenationalpeasantorganizationTelKoleTiPeyizan,   arebothpartofthenewPopularDemocraticRegroupment(RDP).Arepresentativeof   RDPclaimedthat Lavalasisnotapoliticalparty.Theyaregangsandshouldbeput   behindbars...Wewanttoorganizeagovernmentwherenochimeexists. p SpokespersonsfortheCoordinationofWomenWorkersdeclared: Theycalleveryone H whospeaksoutchime.AnothermemberofFTSagreedwiththis,saying, Thepeople 4 speakingagainstAristidedidn twantthepoorpeopletospeak,andhewasourvoice.The  p criticismsofAristidecomefromveryracistpeoplewhowon tdanceinthesameroomas  \ thepoor.TheycallusBigToes,KinkyHair,DirtyFeet,Chime. H Fr.GerardJeanJuste,pastorofaCatholicchurchinasuburbofPortauPrince,   underlinedhisconcernthat whensomethinghappensinthestreet,theysayit sLavalas   oropposition.  Butthecriminalshavenoparty,theywantmoneyandactionandtheyjustfollowafter  that...Thesecriminalelementsmakeitdangerousforall.   Xѱ" X߱" X0  Inadditiontothesedefinitions,testimonywasofferedaboutattacksperpetratedon X  peacefuldemonstrationsbychime.OneexamplewassharedbybothChalmersofPAPDA D! andmembersoftheCONAP.AccordingtoChalmers,afterastudentfromtheuniversity 0"  waskilledinherhomeinOctober2003,the CONAPandPAPDAdidasitinatthe #l! PalaceofJusticetocondemninsecurityandviolence,toprotesttheabsenceofsecurity $X" forcivilians.At1pmchimeattackedandthrewbottlesofurineatustodestroythesitin. $D # Afterthat,accordingtoCONAP,thechimewere moreaggressivethanusualand %0!$ continuedtothrowrocksatusafterweranintotheministrytogetaway.&"%(#(#  X0  CONAPdeclaredthattheywere systematicallyfacedwithattacksbychimeeverytime (#' theywenttodemonstrateinthestreet,referringtooppositiondemonstrationswhich )$( calledfortheoverthrowofPresidentAristide.Seemingtocontradicttheirprevious |*%) statements,CONAPclaimedthatnow thechimeareworkinghandinhandwiththe h+&* UnitedStates.InsouthernJacrnel,Haiti sfourthlargestcity,membersoflocal  cooperativesstated, ThechimescaredpeopletopreventanantiAristidemovementfrom  developing.(#(#  X0  It simportanttonotethattestimonyregardingchimeattacksisabouteventsfrombefore ` thecoupd etatonly.Thissupportsevidencethatviolationsandabusessincethecoup L  havedisproportionatelyaffectedthepoorandsupportersofLavalas.Infact,accordingto 8  Chalmers,meetingsofhisorganization wouldhavebeenattackedbychimeifAristide $ t wasstillinpower,consequentlywehaveagreaterfreedomtoexpressourselveswithout  ` fearofattacknow. L (#(#  X0  Chalmers statementalsopointsustowardthefactthatitisLavalasandAristide $  supporterswhoarethetargetoftoday sviolence.Poorindividualsfromtheslumsof   PortauPrince,secondarycities,andruralareasarebeingforcedintohiding.Meanwhile,   membersoftheoppositionandnongovernmentalorganizationswhoadvocated   Aristide soverthrowexperiencewhattheyfeelisagreaterfreedomofexpression.While   membersoftheFondasyonTrantSeptamn(ETS,Haiti slargesthumanrights p organization)metwithourobservationteamwhileinhiding,membersofthePAPDA, \ CONAP(NationalCoordinationforAdvocacyonWomens Rights),BatayOuvriye H (workersorganization),NCHRandtheCivilSocietyInitiativemetwithusintheir 4 offices. p(#(#  X0  FanmiLavalasmembersmetwiththeteamattheAristideFoundationforDemocracy, H andunionswhosupportedreconciliationandthedemocraticprocess(Coordinationof 4 HaitianWorkers,orCTH,andtheCoordinationofWomenWorkers)metwithusatthe   officesoftheCTH,butexplainedthattheyareinhiding.PaulLoulouCherydeclaredthat   JacquesBelzin isalawyerwiththehumanrightscommissionbuthecannotsleepinhis  ownhousebecauseofthreats.OurfriendfromCapHaitienwasarrestedandbeatenand  isnowinPortauPrince,hidinginmarronage.(#(#  X0  MembersofFanmiLavalasalsomaintainedthatbeingonthestreetsputthemindanger. X   Thereismoremiserynow,andthepeoplehavenoonetheretohelpthembecause D! AristideisgoneandLavalasisinhiding.Wearenotfreetocirculateinthestreets. 0"  FatherMannoEustacheofLavalassharedthathehadn tsleptinhisbedinamonth,even #l! thoughhelivesinarectory.$X"(#(#  X0  Finally,althoughTribbleoftheU.S.Embassyassuredusthat thereareveryactive %0!$ HaitianhumanrightsorganizationsthattheU.S.fundstodealwithabusesonbothsides &"% ofthespectrum,thecurrentsystematiccampaignagainstmembersandsupportersonly '#& ofLavalasisnotbeingwidelyreportedinsideHaitiorout.Themostheinouscrimesare (#' goingundocumented,foramanyreasons.Chalmers(PAPDA)stated, Humanrights )$( organizationsheremustdocumentwhatishappening.Thereprisalsandtortures |*%) committedbythosecriminalandinternationalforces.Accordingtounionmember h+&* Jinette: Everyhumanrightsorganizationbelongstoapoliticalparty.(#(#  X0  OurteamofobserversmetwithFitoEsperanceoftheNationalCoalitionofHaitian  Rights(NCHR),thehumanrightsorganizationmostwidelyrelieduponbyU.S.based t policymakers.AlthoughNCHRclaimstobeanimpartialorganization,theteamheard ` repeatedtestimonyconcerningtheirsilenceincaseswhereLavalassupportershavebeen L  thevictims.NCHR,foritsownpart,talkedaboutwhattheycalled systematichuman 8  rightsviolationswhichoccurredduringAristide sadministration.Theydonotbelieve $ t whatishappeningnowcanbeconsideredsystematic.Esperanceclaimsthattheabuses  ` andviolationsinthenortharehappeningunderthecontrolof employeesoftheformer  L  regionwhoarestillholdingpower...prisonswereburned,soprisonerswerekeptin  8  containers.Alotofformersoldiersandcriminalsareinthenorth.Thereareisolated $  cases,butnotsystematic. (#(#  X0  WhentheteamaskediftheNCHRplannedtoinvestigatetheallegedkillingsinBelAir   byU.S.Marines,Esperanceresponded, YoumustunderstandthatjustbeforeAristide   left,heandhisgovernmentarmedalotofpeopleinthepopulation.Almosttheentire p countrywasarmed.Hedidadmitthat, thereisarumorofanattackagainstthe \ occupationforcesinBelAir.Theysaidalotofpeople[Haitians]died.Buthecameback H toblamingtheHaitianvictims,andcontinued, BelAirtotallysupportsAristideand 4 therearealotofweaponsthere. p(#(# 0  Esperanceexplained, Youhavetounderstandthatthemultinationalforcesaretrigger H happy.Alotofpeoplehavesufferedandweareclearthatmustend.Thefirststepto 4 endingtheterrorcampaignisinvestigatingtheevents.However,theNCHRwillnot   investigateinBelAir: (#(# 0  Eventhoughweareahumanrightsorganization,thatareaisnotaccessibletous,sowe  justhearthereports...Haitihasareasthatareinaccessibletocertainhumanrights  organizations.Peopletheformergovernmentexploited[thepeopleinBelAir],intheir l misery,sotheycouldbelievethosehumanrightsorganizationsareopponents.They X  believewearetheiradversaries.Itisalongprocesstoexplainthatweareneutral.D!(#(# 0  WhentheteammembersaskedEsperanceiftherewereotherplacesthatareinaccessible #l! totheNCHR,helistedsomeofthemostimpoverishedandhighlytargeted $X" neighborhoodsinPortauPrince:Maritssant,BoisNeufandCiteSoleil.$D #(#(# 0  PeoplefromFTSwhomthecampaignofterrortargetsandthosewhosenamesareread &"% dailyontheradiofeelthattheycannotturntoanyhumanrightsorganization. These '#& systematichumanrightsviolationshavebeenhappeningsinceFebruary29andhuman (#' rightsorganizationshaven tsaidanything.Weknowthesehumanrightsorganizations  )$( fundingcomesthroughUSAIDandtheIRI(InternationalRepublicanInstitute).Another |*%) added, Ihavenohumanrightsorganizationtoturntobecausetheyareboughtoffbythe h+&* bourgeoisie.(#(# 0  TheNCHRmayproclaimitisimpartial,butthepeoplemostinneedofahumanrights  advocatedonotbelieveit.WefoundthatNCHRhasaclearbias.Weinterviewed t EsperanceintheNCHRconferenceroom,wherea WANTEDposterhangsbehindthe ` conferencetable.ThefirstnameontheposterisJeanBertrandAristideandisfollowed L  byotherhighrankingmembersoftheFanmiLavalasparty.NosupportersofAristideor 8  FanmiLavalaswouldfeelsafeorprotectedintheofficesoftheNCHR.$ t(#(#  "3."  32#  47  .3  0    CharlesArthur,HaitiSupportGroup, Haitinewroundup,(March25,2004).3݌ L (#(# Ќ    0  TheHaitiPressNetworkreportedthatthebodiesofsixyoungmenwerefoundinthe $  streetsoftheCiteMilitairedistrictofDelmas,PortauPrince,onthemorningof21   March.Accordingtoeyewitnesses,thevictimshadbeenshotdeadbypoliceofficers.An   AssociatedPressphotographerfoundthreeofthedeadinaprivatemorgueinLaSaline,   andtookpictures,showingtheyhadbagsovertheirheadsandhandstiedbehindtheir   backs.p(#(# \  0  On13March,twomenwereshotdeadbymembersofGuyPhilippe sentourageinthe &v villageofVialet.GuyPhilippe,themilitaryleaderofthearmedinsurgents,was b reportedlytouringtownsinthewestandsouth,andhadjustleftthetownofPetitGoave. N HeandhismenmistookthetwomeninVialetforLavalasFamilysupporters.Laterthat : day,inPetitGoave,hostilitiesbrokeoutbetweenfactionswithintheMDNparty(neo & DuvalieristpartyintheDemocraticConvergencecoalition).Therewasamachinegun  attackontheresidenceoflocal14DMleader,MontigneSincre.Theattackwasbelieved  tobetheresultofrivalries,bothforcontroloverthetownandforaffiliationwith  Philippe snascentadministration.SincerehadorganisedPhilippe svisittoPetitGoave.(#(# (#(#K(#"3/"   X3^2#  48  .3  0    HumanRightsWatch, HaitiSecurityVacuumintheNorth:NumerousJournalists ^ andGovernmentOfficialsinHiding,(March22,2004). J 4d.O  5  Ehttp://hrw.org/english/docs/2004/03/22/haiti8149.htm6Otion  7io 3^݌6 (#(# Ќ  0  FrenchmilitaryforcesmustworkwiththeHaitianNationalPolicetoquicklyretake "^  controloftheHaitisnorthernregion,HumanRightsWatchsaidtoday.Alargenumber "J! ofjournalistsandgovernmentofficialsfromtheregionhavegoneintohidingoutoffear #6" fortheirsafety.$" #(#(# S&a!%!0  TwoHumanRightsWatchrepresentativesjustreturnedfromanassessmentmissionto &a!$ thenorthofHaiti,duringwhichtheyinterviewedseveraljournalistsandgovernment &M"% officialswhodescribedtheirlackofsecurity.Oneformerofficial,parliamentarydeputy '9#& GabrielDucatelofPortMargot,wasbeingillegallydetainedinCapHa5tienbytheso (%$' calledArmedForcesoftheNorth(ForcesarmesduNord).)%((#(#  "30"  32#  49  .3  0    VariousArticlesfromAHP, FanmiLavalasDenouncesCampaignofSystematic +&* RepressionAgainstSupporters;FLProfessorDenouncesContinuationofAbuses  AgainstPartySupporters;ThirteenFirearmsHandedOvertoNewPolice  Authorities;SoldiersfromMultinationalForceSeriouslyInjureTwoCloseto  OppositionPlatform,(March22,2004).3݌t(#(# Ќ  0  TheFanmiLavalasPoliticalOrganizationspokeoutMondayagainstwhatittermeda L  campaignofsystematicrepressionorchestratedagainstItssupportersInseveralregionsof 8  thecountry,particularlyinthevicinityofCapHaftien,intheArtiboniteregion,InTrou $ t duNordandIntheCentralPlateau. `(#(#   ***  8  0  LorpatClaude,ayoungprofessorwhobelongstoFanmiLavalas,criticizedMondaythe   physicalabuseshesufferedatthehandsofmembersoftheArmyoftheNorth,who   abductedhim,hesaid,duringthenightofMarch12. (#(#   *** p 0  AleaderofthearmedfrontoftheoppositioninGonaives,ButteurMetayer,handedover H 13firearmsSaturdaytothenewpoliceauthoritiesunderadisarmamentprogramlaunched 4 inthecountrysincethedepartureofJeanBertrandAristide. p(#(#   *** H 0  Forthepastseveralweeks,theresidentsofPortauPrincehurryhomeassoonasnight   fallsduetotheIncreaseInInsecurity.Somepeoplehavecomplainedthatoftentheydo   notunderstandtheInstructionsgivenbytheforeignsoldiersduetolanguageproblems.At  thebeginningofthismonth,ataxidriverwaskilledInthePortauPrinceindustrialzone  becausehehadpassedthrougharoadblockafterforeignsoldiershadorderedhimtostop.  UnfortunatelyhedidnotspeakanyEnglish. \ l(#(#  "31"  3T2#  50  .3  0    IbonVillelabeitia, Haitileadervisitsslumcitysfreedomfighters,(March20,  > 2004).3T݌! (#(# Ќ  0  Haiti snewprimeministerflewonSaturdayintothechaoticcitywhereanarmedrevolt 1#" begansixweeksagoandhailedas freedomfightersaragtaggangthathelpedoust $m# PresidentJeanBertrandAristide. %Y $(#(# 0  ArrivinginaU.S.ArmyBlackHawkhelicopterescortedbyasecondBlackHawkanda &1"& twinrotorChinookGerardLatortuelandedonasoccerlaidinGonaiwstoaraucous '#' welcomebyabout2,000people.@*(#(# ( $(  "32"  32#  51  .3  0    StevensonJacobs,AssociatedPress, HaitiRebelsMaySurrender *%* Weapons,(March20,2004). }+&+ http://www.phillyburbs.com/pb-dyn/news/88-03202004-267966.html3<݌(#(# Ќ  0  AkeyfigureintheuprisingagainstJeanBertrandAristidesaidhisrebelswould  surrendertheirweaponsasHaiti sinterimprimeministerlandedinahelicoptertocheers t andclappingfromhundredsofpeopleonSaturday.`(#(#  "33"  32#  52  .3  0    X4XXXX4XXX4X4XXX4XXXX4XXXXXXXXcb    #ddVariousArticlesfromAHPnews, CARLIPreoccupiedbyImpunityforthosewho 8  CommittedExactionsDuringMilitaryCoupof1991;NCHR AsksforChamblain $ t andTatounetobeJailed,InvestigationOpenedIntoDrowningCaseofLavalas  d Activists;FLandPoliceOfficersHeldPrisonersatSeabyHaitianCoastGuard;  P  AmericanAmbassadorinHaitiPromisesU.S.andInternationalCommunitywill  <  PutEnoughMoneyintoHaiti;LatortueDeclaredAssetstoFirstInstantsCourtof (  PortAuPrince;LatortueInvitesSchoolandUniversityActivitiestoResume;   CONASOVICSaysCaseofCooperativesMustbePriorityforLatortue   Government,(March19,2004).3G݌ (#(# Ќ  #ddthiXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXcb    0  Theperpetratorsofthe1991coupmassacreswhoarestillwalkingthestreetsinimpunity t shouldbebroughtbeforeacourtoflaw,RenandHdouvillesaid.(#(#K(#(#(# `   0  Healsoaskedthatthosewhomysteriously escapedprisonshouldbesentbacktojail.8(#(# 0  Thedoorsofallthecountry sprisonswereopenedonFebruary29forallthosewhowere ` thereforvariousreasons,followingthedepartureofPresidentJeanBertrandAristidein L strangecircumstances.8(#(# @*  ***  0   (#(# 0  TheNationalCoalitionforHaitianRights(NCHR)hasaskedFridaythatFRAPHleader,  LouisJodelChamblain,andJeanPierrealiasJeanTatounebearrestedandsentdirectlyto  jail,asbothofthemshouldbesentencedtolifefortheirparticipationinslaughters p againsttheHaitianpeople.\ (#(# 5 X0  ThiscallbytheNCHRcomesabout22daysafterthese2confirmedcriminalswere 4"  accusedofparticipatinginthemurderofmanypoliceofficersandciviliansduringthe  #p! fightingwhichledtotheoverthrowofPresidentAristide. $\"(#(# 0  TheNCHRcoordinatorannouncedtherewouldsoonbeaninvestigationonthecaseof %4!$ LavalasactivistswhowerekilledatCaphaitienonFebruary22whenCapHaitienwent & "% downtotherebels.Thevictimswereapparentlylockedinacontainerbeforebeing ' #& drownedatsea.(#'(#(#   *** *%)  l+&* 0  ManymembersofthepoliticalorganizationFanmiLavalasandpoliceofficerswhowere  arrestedonFriday,March13atPortauPrinceareheldprisonersatseaonaboatfrom  theHaitiancoastguardatBizoton(Southofthecapital).(#(# 40  Amongothers,therearedivisioncommissionerJacquesAnthonyNazaire,whowasone n ofthemanagersofsecurityforPresidentAristide;SMCRSmanager,PaulKeller,police Z  officerPtionOspideandaformerpromayorofPortauPrince,HaroldSevere.F (#(# 0  Oneoftheseprisoners,AnthonyNazaire,whosuffersfromahandicaptoanarmafterthe  n December17,2001attackonthenationalpalacelefthimwithseriousinjuries,is  Z  allegedlyinserioustrouble,theAHPlearned. F (#(#   ***   0  AmericanambassadorinPortauPrince,JamesFoley,onceagainpromisedtheUnited   Statesandtheinternationalcommunity shelptoHaitiforwhathecallsafreshstart   AccordingtoJamesFoley,enoughmoneywillbeputintoHaiti,butitisimportantto ~ concentrateonhowtouseitwell.@*(#(# j 0  ConcerningtherenewedcooperationbetweentheUnitedStatesandHaiti,Mr.Foley B promisedthathisgovernmentwoulddoeverythingtofacilitatesalesofHaitianproducts .~ ontheAmericanmarket.j(#(#   *** B 0  GerardLatortuedeclaredhisassetstothefirstinstancecourtofPortauPrincethis  Friday.(#(# 0  Accordingtothisstatement,thePrimeMinisterhas2savingsaccountsworth50,000  dollarseachintheUnitedStates,anaccountworth7,000eurosinEurope,avillainthe  StateofFlorida(UnitedStates)andalandattheGonaives.z(#(#   *** R! 0  GerardLatortueinvitedallinvolvedineducationtoresumeschoolanduniversity *#z! activities throughouttheland startingonMonday,March22,2004.$f"(#(# 0  Haiti snationalpolicehavetakenallnecessarydispositionsandthemultinationalforce %B!$ willcomeinsupporttoguaranteesafetyinthestreetsandschools,thepressreleasestates.&."%(#(#   *** ($' 0  RosemondJeanbelievesthecaseofcooperativesshouldbeapriorityfortheLatortue *%) government.Hecallsforthearrestofallthoseinvolved,closelyornot,withthe z+&* cooperatives bankruptcy.(#(#  "34"  322#  53  .3  0    VariousArticlesfromAHPnews, SenatePresidentCondemnsSchemefrom  FormerOppositionAimedatDestroyingFL;MinistersofLatortueGovernment t OfficiallySwornIn;SenatePresidentDeniesFLInvolvementinLatortue ` GovernmentandCriticizesOfficialsfromFormerOpposition;American L  AmbassadorPositiveAboutHaitisFuture;Abraham:Commissionwillsoonbe 8  FormedtoInvestigateCaseofHaitisArmy,(March18,2004).""J(#(#(#32_݌ $ t Ќ  0  TheRepublic s Senatepresident,YvonFeuilk,condemnedThursdayaschemefromthe  L  formeroppositionaimedatdestroyingthepoliticalorganizationFanmiLavalas. 8 (#(# 0  Mr.Feuilksaysthepersecutionsoftheparty sactivistsandleadersthroughoutthe   countryprovethatthereisascheme. (#(# 0  Hesaidhispartyisthemostrepresentedinthecountry.Heregrettedthattheformer   oppositionwastakingadvantageoftheabsenceofPresidentAristidetostartpersecuting p theparty ssupportersinordertokeepthemfromregrouping.\(#(#   *** 4 0  ManyministersoftheLatortuegovernmentwereofficiallyswornattheirpositionthis  \ Thursday.H(#(# 0  Inhisformalspeech,thenewministerofJustice,BernardGousse,announcedserious   reformsinthejudicialsystem. (#(#   ***  0  TheRepublic sSenatePresident,YvonFeuilk,deniedThursdayanyFanmiLavalas l involvementintheBoniface/Latortuegovernment,assuggestedbysomestatementsfrom X  leadersoftheformeropposition.D!(#(# 0  Thevastmajorityofministersfromthisgovernmentareeithermembersoftheopposition #l! orhaveclosetiestoit,Mr.Feuilkstated.$X"(#(# 0  Thepoliticalplatformoftheoppositionthinksitcanfoolthepopulation.Itisgreatly %0!$ representedinthegovernment,butrefusestoacknowledgeitinordertoavoidtakingthe &"% blameforthefailurelooming,SenatorFeuilksaid.'#&(#(#   *** )$( 0  AmericanambassadorinHaiti,JamesFoley,feltWednesdaythatthenewgovernment h+&* promisedgreathopeforHaiti sfuture.(#(#   JamesFoleyrenewedhisgovernment sfullsupporttothedevelopmentprocessin  0     HaitiandhefeelsHaitianscannowgettoanotherlevel.t(#(# 0  Inmostregionsofthecountry,thearmedgangswhotookcontrolofmanypolicestations L  arestilltheonesassumingwhattheycallsecurity forthepopulation.8 (#(#   ***  ` 0  RetiredLieutenantGeneralHrardAbraham,currentlyministeroftheInterior,said  8  Thursdayhewaswillingtocollaboratewithallsectorsofthecountrytoreestablisha $  climateofsecurityinHaiti. (#(# 0  AccordingtoHrardAbraham,peaceisessentialtoallowallHaitiansandforeign   nationalstoleadnormallives. (#(# 0  Healsoannouncedacommissionwouldsoonbeputinplacetolookintothecaseof \ restoringthearmy.H(#(# 0  TheformerHaitianarmy,dissolvedin1995byPresidentAristide,hasbeenaccusedof  p beinginvolvedinnumerousslaughtersandviolationsoftherightsoftheHaitianpeople,  \ especiallyduringthe1991coupd etatwhichkilledbetween3.000and5.000people. H(#(#  "35"  302#  54  .3  0    HumanRightsWatch, InternationalForcesMustAssertControl,(March3,   2004).4.p O  5  *http://hrw.org/english/docs/2004/03/03/haiti7862.htm6}1O1tien  7H1 300݌ (#(# Ќ  0  TherebelforcesenteredPortauPrinceonMondayandimmediatelytookover  governmentbuildings,includingtheformerheadquartersoftheHaitianarmy.Atapress  conferenceheldTuesday,rebelleaderGuyPhilippedeclaredhimselfmilitarychiefofthe l army.Thecountryisinmyhands,hereportedlystated.X (#(# 0  ItisirresponsiblefortheinternationalcommunitytoabdicateeffectivepoweroverHaiti 0"  toarmedinsurgentswhoseleadersincludemenresponsibleforsomeofHaitisworst #l! abuses,saidJoanneMariner,deputydirectorofHumanRightsWatchsAmericas $X" Division.Todosowouldbearecipeforcontinuedviolence.$D #(#(# "36"  3&62#  55  .3  0    AmnestyInternational, Haiti:PerpetratorsofPastAbusesThreatenHumanRights &"% andtheReestablishmentoftheRuleofLaw,(March3,2004). '#& http://www.amnesty.ca/resource_centre/reports/view.php?load=arcview&article=12 (#' 92&c=Resource+Centre+Reports3&6V6݌)$((#(# Ќ  0  OneofthemostsignificanthumanrightsachievementsintheyearsfollowingtheOtober h+&* 1994returntodemocraticorderinHaitiwastheholdingoftrialsinseveralhighprofile  casesofegregiouspastviolations.Thesetrialswerecrucial,notjustasameansof  ensuringthatthetruthaboutpastviolationsemerged,butastangibleevidence,toa  Haitianpopulationwhichhadsufferedviolentrepressiononamassivescale,ofanewly t functioningruleoflawandrespectforhumanrights. `  TheholdingofperpetratorsfromthedisbandedHaitianArmedForces,theForcesArmes 8  dHa5ti(FADH),andtheparamilitaryFrontRvolutionnaireArmpourleProgrsd'Ha5ti $ t (FRAPH),RevolutionaryArmedFrontfortheProgressofHaiti(1)toaccountfortheir  ` crimeswasnearlyunprecedentedinHaiti'shistory.Thetrialsofthoseimplicatedinsuch  L  graveviolationsasthe1994Raboteaumassacreandthe1993assassinationofpro  8  democracyactivistAntoineIzmrygavehopethat,forthefirsttime,thecycleofpolitical $  violencemightwellandtrulybebroken.   InadevastatingportentforthefutureofhumanrightsinHaiti,however,anumberof   thoseconvictedofthosecrimesareonceagainfreeinHaiti,andsomehavereemergedas   commandersofrebelgroups.    Inrecentweeks,AmnestyInternationalhasrepeatedlyexpresseditsgraveconcernabout \ thepresenceofnotoriousconvictedhumanrightsperpetratorssuchasLouisJodel H ChamblainandJeanPierreBaptiste('JeanTatoune')asleadersoftherebelforces. 4  Theseforcesnoweffectivelycontrolmuchofthecountryandhavebeenallowedtoenter  \ thecapital,despitethepresenceoftheMultinationalInterimForce.Theprimaryrebel H leaderGuyPhilippe,aformerarmyofficerandonetimeHaitianNationalPolice 4 commissionerwhofledthecountryin2000,hasreportedlyexpressedconfidencethat   theywillbegivenaprominentandinfluentialroleinpubliclife.  (#(#  "37"  3B2#  56  .3  0    AmnestyInternationalPressRelease, Haiti:Convictedhumanrightsviolators  mustnotbeallowedpower,(March3,2004).  http://web.amnesty.org/library/Index/ENGAMR360142004?open&of=ENG-HTI3B0B݌l(#(# Ќ  0  AtleasteightconvictedorindictedhumanrightsviolatorsarecurrentlyatlargeinHaiti D! andmustbebroughtbeforethejusticesystemimmediately,anewreportbyAmnesty 0"  Internationalsays. #l!  ConvictedhumanrightsviolatorsLouisJodelChamblainandJeanPierreBaptiste('Jean $D # Tatoune')arecurrentlyleadingtherebelforcescirculatingfreelyinPortauPrince. %0!$ AmnestyInternationalisextremelyconcernedthatinternationalforcespresentinHaiti &"% havepermittedrebelforcesledbyperpetratorsofpastabusestoeffectivelytakecontrol '#& ofpartofthecapital.Theorganizationfearsthattheymayjoinforceswithformer (#' militaryandparamilitarycolleagueswho,untilreportedlyescapingfromtheNational )$( PenitentiaryonSunday,werebeingimprisonedonhumanrightsgrounds.|*%)(#(#  h+&* "38"  3G2#  57  .3  0    HumanRightsWatch, Haiti:U.S.ReturnofAsylumSeekersIsIllegal:Fleeing  HaitiansMustBeGivenatLeastTemporaryProtection,(March2,2004).  4O  5  1http://hrw.org/english/docs/2004/03/01/haiti7772.htm6.IOBI  7I3GH݌(#(# Ќ  0  TheU.S.governmentsreturnofhundredsoffleeingHaitianstothecapitalPortau ` Princeviolatestheirrightnottobesentbacktoaplacewheretheirlivesorfreedomare L  endangered,HumanRightsWatchsaidtoday.8 (#(# Sw $ t0  TheU.S.CoastGuardalreadyhasrepatriatedatleast867Haitians,accordingtonews w  reports.InternationallawprohibitssendingfleeingHaitiansbacktoHaitiinthecurrent c  conditionsofinstability,whichpersistdespitethearrivalofU.S.Marinesaspartofa O   plannedMultinationalInterimForce. ;   OnFridayandSaturday,theU.S.CoastGuarddroppedofftheasylumseekersatthe c  Haitiancapitalsmainport,whereviolenceandwidespreadlootingweretakingplace. O  Journalistsonthescenedescribedhowthosereturnedhadtomaketheirwaythrougha ;  hostilecrowdofprogovernmentsupporters. '   GiventheviolenceanddisorderreigninginPortauPrince,the867Haitiansshould  neverhavebeenreturnedthere,saidJoanneMariner,deputydirectorofHumanRights  WatchsAmericasDivision. Withpeoplebeingshotdeadinthestreetbygangsof  criminalthugs,itwasunconscionablefortheUnitedStatestodumpentirefamiliesinto s thisdangerzone. _(#(#    #^y\XXؓR##^y\\^yb#USFR.,W,R4$X dd7W  <( 4 <DLX<^y\\^yIXX\^yII.ARTICLESANDREPORTSDOCUMENTINGCOUNTRYCONDITIONSINHAITI 7 BETWEENARISTIDE#^y\XX=R#XX\^ySSECONDPRESIDENCYANDCOUP #s   -R#^y\XXR##^y\\^yQ#  K,(X_KFR.,US.,FQ^y\\^yXX\^y "39"  3eT2#  58  .3  0    HumanRightsWatch, Haiti:RebelLeadersHistoryofAbuseRaisesFears, K (February27,2004).48O  5  Thttp://hrw.org/english/docs/2004/02/27/haiti7682.htm6mUOU  7U3eTT݌7(#(# Ќ  0  ArebelattackonPortauPrincecouldleadtowidespreadbloodshedandindiscriminate  destructionofcivilianproperty,saidJoanneMariner,DeputyDirectorofHumanRights   WatchsAmericasDivision. Giventhepastatrocitiesofsomerebelleaders,andthe ! violentpropensitiesofprogovernmentgangs,weregravelyconcernedfortheprotection "  oftheHaitianpopulation. o#!  The5pagebackgrounderdetailsthehistoryofthearmedinsurgents,fromthedubious G% # humanrightsrecordofrebelleaderGuyPhilippe,aformerpolicecommissioner,tothe 3&!$ bloodypastofLouisJodelChamblain,aformerparamilitary. 'o"%  Asthebackgrounderexplains,formermembersofthedisbandedHaitianArmedForces (G$' (ForcesArmesdHaiti,FAdH)havebeenmobilizingforaboutthreeyearsnearthe )3%( borderoftheDominicanRepublicincentralHaiti.Inthatregion,overthepastyear, *&) bandsof30to100menhavebeenharassingpolice,killinggovernmentsupporters,taking + '* overtownstemporarily,andrecruitingsupporters.OnJuly25,2003,theyreportedly  killedfourmembersofaMinistryofInteriordelegationthatvisitedthearea.(#(#  "3:"  3\2#  59  .3  0    AmnestyInternationalPressRelease, Haiti:Refugeesandasylumseekersarenot t partoftheconflict,(February27,2004) . `  http://web.amnesty.org/library/Index/ENGAMR360112004?open&of=ENG-2M53\\݌P (#(# Ќ  0  "ThetransferofHaitianasylumseekersandrefugeestoGuantnamoBayorotheroff ( x shorefacilitiesraisesseriousconcernthattheymightnotbeguaranteedthehumanrights  d andrefugeeprotectiontowhichtheyareentitled,"AmnestyInternationalsaid."The  P  asylumproceduresthathavebeenusedinGuantnamoBayinthepasthavefallenwell  <  shortofminimuminternationalstandardsandhavebeeninadequatetoidentify (  individualsinneedofinternationalprotection." (#(# 0  Thesituationofdetaineesheldinlegallimbo inCampDeltafurtherservestounderscore   AmnestyInternational'sconcernsthatGuantnamoBayisbeingusedbytheUS   authoritiesasawaytodenypeopletheirhumanrightsincludingaccesstodueprocess.x(#(# 0   (#(# 0  PresidentGeorgeW.BushsaidlastWednesdaythatallHaitiansattemptingtofleetothe P USwouldbestoppedandreturned,showingablatantdisregardforthemostfundamental < obligationstateshavetowardsrefugeesnottoforciblyreturnthemtoasituationwhere (x theycouldfacehumanrightsabuses.d(#(# 0  "AllforciblereturnsofHaitianstoHaitishouldbesuspendedunlessoruntiltheir < entitlementtoprotectionhasbeendeterminedthroughafullandfairprocedureandtheir ( returncantakeplaceinsafety,dignity,andwithfullrespectfortheirhumanrights",  AmnestyInternationalconcluded.(#(# "3;"  3xe2#  60  .3  0    HumanRightsWatch, U.S.:DontTurnAwayHaitianRefugees,(February26,  2004).4 p O  5  Uhttp://hrw.org/english/docs/2004/02/26/usdom7674.htm6sfOf  7 f3xee݌t(#(# Ќ  0  WiththesituationinHaitideteriorating,theU.S.CoastGuardhasinterdictedwellover L! fivehundredHaitiansinthelastfewdays.ItisthereforecrucialfortheBush 8"  administrationtoimmediatelysetoutaclearpolicythatcomplieswithitslegal $#t! obligationstoprotectrefugees.Itmustestablishproceduresandallocatethenecessary $`" resourcestoensurethatnooneisreturnedtoHaitiwhoisindangerofbeingpersecuted, $L # torturedorkilled.TodosorequiresgivingeachinterdictedHaitianameaningful %8!$ opportunitytotellhisorherstoryandcarefullyassessingtheclaimsmade. &$"%  ItisunclearhowtheBushadministrationwillhandlerefugeeprotection.Following (#' PresidentBushsstatement,WhiteHousePressSecretaryScottMcClellansaidthatboats )$( ofHaitianswillbereturned absentanyspecificprotectionconcerns.Butwhenaskedto *%) explain,hedeclinedtoelaborateandstatedtheU.S.policytowardsHaitians"remainsthe p+&* same.NewsreportscitetheU.S.DefenseDepartmentassayingthatallHaitians  interceptedatseawillbereturned.(#(# @*"3<"  3Km2#  61  .3  0    HumanRightsWatch, Haiti:ViolentReprisalsFeared,(February24,2004). t 4 O  5  fhttp://hrw.org/english/docs/2004/02/24/haiti7654.htm6"  3~2#  63  .3  0    AmnestyInternationalPressRelease, Haiti:Killingscanandmustbestopped, t (January8,2004). ` http://web.amnesty.org/library/Index/ENGAMR360012004?open&of=ENG-HTI3~&݌L (#(# Ќ  0  Onlystrongandunifiedactioncanbreakthecycleofpoliticalviolencecurrentlygripping $ t Haiti,saidAmnestyInternationalastwopeoplediedand30otherswereinjuredinPort  ` auPrinceyesterdayduringconfrontationsbetweenoppositionpartydemonstrators,  L  governmentsupporterstryingtoblocktheirmarchandpolice.  8   "Politicalleadersmustimmediatelyaddresstheirsupportersanddemandtheystop   committingabuses,"AmnestyInternationalsaid."Inaddition,policemustfulfiltheirduty   torespectandprotecttherighttopeacefulprotest."    Accordingtoreports,thedeadincludedasupporterofHaitianpresidentJeanBertrand p AristidesFanmiLavalaspartywhowasshotandkilledinanexchangeofgunfirewith \ thepolice,andMaximeDesulmant,anoppositiondemonstratorwhowaskilledby H gunfirefromAristidesupporters.#XXXX#T#