WPCj PbN`t$LEĬoȿ[}EG6зp`\4) Kk4' k#}'G8D/c1JzB_o\3 p"&dG`DR^:f>ђJ*e!:ym@[,u޿޻-ԕv懽yLȆ:ՃZ_0ًVKSdf~O e< >w <ƫUvjrB6-ǡ)>릛# 4x >ڕTJ[e-x4-!h(S>GX ;!Ɲc͐V4t">@٧Ac!_NfYaHxQ㳁U9ډWaUt:I5v;ZGKF-L6~G>+ +0im)gJvGu$f&Ѫ Aۚ"gU?Vi,5 pZp-!# U4N % 0(U.U>5U @s^ w4 mN 72 1u3 0c 0 N                              0YY 0Dj( 0x 0 00X8 05ft\\gondor\5_IT_HPLJ4100N0(9 Z6Times New Roman RegularX($ $Verdana\  `&Times New Roman(9 Z(Times New Roman {W4 ,r2:i+003|xUi)3#37=CIQYag1.a.i.(1)(a)(i)1)a)(;3$2#  0  .3  0  (O$(;(3x$ !  XX    0  (%$  1  http://web.amnesty.org/library/print/ENGAMR3600120060_o.title1 XXXC $VerdanaCS\  `&Times New RomanS http://www.doctorswithoutborders.org/pr/2006/01-19-2006.htm<bb:Normal (Web)   2( 4 <DL2XXX  2( 4 <DL2  6} p4heading 1   2( 4 <DL2   333        2( 4 <DL2  http://www.wexler.house.gov/news.php?ID=187.,term1  http://hrw.org/english/docs/2006/01/18/haiti12210_txt.htm !  _XXXX8XXdd8   `     h #XXXX+# XXXXXX  #XX#XX ` #XXS#XX #XX#XX  #XX#XX h #XX=#XX  #XX#XX  #XX##XXXX#  XXXXXXINDEX#XXv##XXXXW#XXXXXXԀOF \ #XX#XXDOCUMENTATION#XXY##XXXX#XX     #XX##XXXX#XXXXXXFOR#XX闏##XXXXp#XX  @ #XX#XXHAITIANASYLUMCASES#XXm##XXXX#XXXX :  #XXXX#XXXX#XXXX=#XXXX  Preparedbythe#XXXX؁#XXXX 4    #XXXX#XXXXHarvardImmigrationandRefugeeClinic  p  #XXXXD#XXXXԄ#XXXX#XXXXand#XXXX #XXXXԄ#XXXXL #XXXX  \  WomensRefugeeProjectofGreaterBostonLegalServices#XXXX؏ #XXXX H #XXXX" #XXXXonbehalfofHaitianasylumseekers #XXXXy #XXXX 4 #XXXX #XXXX#XXXX8 #XXXX#XXXX| #  XXXX#XXXX #XXXXThefollowingisacomprehensiveannotatedIndexofDocumentationforuseinHaitianasylum  applicationstocorroborateHaitiancountryconditions.Itissuggestedthatadvocatesand/or l asylumseekersusethearticleswhichbestsupporttheirindividualclaims,createtheirown X annotatedindex,anddownloadtheappropriatearticles.Pleasebeawarethatthefollowingindex D  ofdocumentationismerelyacompilationandisbynomeansacompleteindexofallavailable 0! documentation.#XXXX #XXXXAspecialthankstothestudents,volunteers,staffandadvocateswhohave "l contributedtothecompilationofthisindex.#XXXX؜#XXXXԀ#XXXXm#XXXX #X     #XXXXر#XXXX   `     h   #XXXX"#XXXXԹ  #XXXXد#XXXX#XXXX# XXXX#XXXXD#XXXXPacket#1of4(#XXXX؈#XXXXarticlesfrom#XXXX#XXXXJanuary1,2006#XXXX,#XXXXto#XXXX~#XXXXԀJanuary29,2006) h*%"     #XXXX#XXXXCurrentThrough:January29,2006#XXXXD#XXXX @,'$   #XXXXا#XXXX    UNITEDSTATESDEPARTMENTOFJUSTICE  EXECUTIVEOFFICEOFIMMIGRATIONREVIEW  BOSTONIMMIGRATIONCOURT t INDEXOFDOCUMENTATIONSUBMITTEDINSUPPORTOF L  ___________________SAPPLICATIONFORASYLUM, 8  WITHHOLDINGOFREMOVALANDPROTECTIONAGAINSTTORTUREUNDER $ t ARTICLEIIIOFTHECONVENTIONAGAINSTTORTURE  ` 5   `      I.ARTICLESANDREPORTSDOCUMENTINGCONDITIONSINHAITISINCE  8  ARISTIDESDEPARTURE(FEBRUARY29,2004TOJANUARY29,2006). @  @  @`  @  @  $  > (#33"3"  32#  1  .3  0    NewYorkTimes, MixedU.S.SignalsHelpedTiltHaitiTowardChaos,3݌ (#(# Ќ  <( 4 <DLX<   <( 4 <DLX<   3M2XX    XX23M    0  (January29,2006).! XX!  Ԍ (#(# ЌXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX     ! XX!   0  http://_www.nytimes.com_/2006/01/29/international/_americas_/29haiti.html?_r=1&_oref_   =login&_pagewanted_=print h      p(#(#   <( 4 <DLX<0  Today,thecapital,PortauPrince,isvirtuallyparalyzedby_kidnappings_,spreadingpanic H amongrichandpooralike.Corruptpoliceofficersinuniformhaveassassinatedpeopleon 4 thestreetsinthelightofday.Thechaosissoextremeandtheinterimgovernmentso  p dysfunctionalthatvotingtoelectanewonehasalreadybeendelayedfourtimes.  \(#(# "3"  32#  2  .3  0    U.S.Representative_Wexler_ԀPressRelease, Rep._Wexler_ԀUrges_DOJ_,_DHS_Ԁto 4 ImmediatelySuspendDeportationofHaitianImmigrants,(January26,2006).   4 O  5  http://www.wexler.house.gov/news.php?ID=1876 O   7   p     3!݌ (#(# Ќ    <( 4 <DLX< 0  TodayRep.Robert_Wexler_Ԁ(DFL)alongwithReps.JohnConyers(DMI),JoeCrowley  (DNY),_Alcee_ԀL.Hastings(DFL),BarbaraLee(DTX),_Kendrick_ԀB.Meek(DFL),  MajorOwens(DNY),Jan_Schakowsky_Ԁ(DIL),DebbieWassermanShultz(DFL)and l MaxineWaters(DCA)sentalettertoAttorneyGeneralAlbertoGonzalezand X  DepartmentofHomelandSecurityChiefMichael_Chertoff_Ԁurgingthemtoimmediately D! suspendtheactivedeportationofHaitianimmigrantsinlightofthedeterioratingsituation 0"  inHaiti._Wexler_Ԁandhiscolleaguesexpressedtheirgrowingconcernsaboutthe #l! conditionsinHaitiwhichhavegonefrombadtoworseandhavebeenmarredbycivil $X" unrest,  XX    #3M2 #XX23M humanrighta&wexlXXXX    XX    #3M2 &#XX23M sO'wexlXXXX  ݀violationsandincreased  XX    #3M2 '#XX23M violenceM(wexlXXXX    XX    #3M2 (#XX23M .8)wexlXXXX  ݀  $D #(#(# 0   (#(# <( 4 <DLX<0  [_T]here_Ԁhasbeenincreasedcivilstrife,furtherdestabilizingtheconditionsontheground, &"% whereHaitiansaresubjectedtorampant_kidnappings_,political  XX    #3M2 ɷ)#XX23M attack+wexlXXXX    XX    #3M2 ",#XX23M s , XXXXXXXX  ݀andstreet  XX    #3M2  -#XX23M _violenc_-wexlXXXX    XX    #3M2  .#XX23M e.wexlXXXX   '#& onadailybasis. (#'(#(# 0   (#(#  <( 4 <DLX<0  (Pleasefindacopyoftheletterbelow...):|*%)(#(# 0  h+&*(#(# 0  Mr.Gonzales,thispastweekourAmbassadortotheUnitedNationsJohnBolton  describedthedeterioratingsecuritysituationinHaitias"very,verydisturbing."Haitiis  currentlyravagedbyrampant_kidnappings_,politicallymotivated  XX    #3M2 */#XX23M killings1XXXX    XX    #3M2 z2#XX23M, 2XXXX  ݀andconstant  streetfightingwithnoendinsighttothe  XX    #3M2 e3#XX23M violence4XXXX    XX    #3M2 ɗ4#XX23M. 5XXXX  ݀Theeverdeteriorating  XX    #3M2 ɂ5#XX23M humanright5XXXX    XX    #3M2 ~6#XX23M s6XXXX   x situationmakesitunconscionablefortheUnitedStatestoactivelydeportHaitian h citizens... T (#(# "3"  3|82#  3  .3  0    NewYorkTimes, <( 4 <DLX<LawyersProtestDeportationofIllegalImmigrantsto   XX    #3M2 l7#XX23M_Hait_9 XXXXXXXX    XX    #3M2  :#XX23M_i_, , | (January20,2006).   h :XXXX  http://_select.nytimes.com_/_gst_/_abstract.html?res_=F6061FFF395B0C738EDDA80894D  T  E404483|88݌ @ (#(# Ќ   <( 4 <DLX<0  TheStateDepartmenthaswarnedAmericansagainsttravelingto  XX    #3M2 /;#XX23M Haiti=XXXX    XX    #3M2 >#XX23M, {>XXXX  ݀citingthelackof   aneffectivepoliceforceandthepresenceofarmedgangsengagedin_kidnappings_Ԁand     XX    #3M2 >#XX23M _violen_@XXXX    XX    #3M2 ɏ@#XX23M tAXXXX  ݀crime.     (#(#  <( 4 <DLX<0  TheUnitedNationssaysithasdocumentedwidespreadcasesofunlawful  XX    #3M2 ɘA#XX23M arrestBXXXX    XX    #3M2 EC#XX23M sCXXXX  ݀andhas | receivedcrediblereportsofpoliceinvolvementinexecutionsandbanditry.TheState h Departmentsaysmorethan25Americanswere_kidnapped_Ԁin  XX    #3M2 .D#XX23M _Hait_sEXXXX    XX    #3M2 E#XX23M _i_zFXXXX  ݀lastyear,andlocal T authoritiessaythatoverChristmas,_kidnappings_Ԁpeakedtoasmanyas12aday.Travelis @ sohazardousinPortauPrince,thecapital,thatAmericanEmbassypersonnelhavebeen ,| barredfromleavingtheirhomesatnight.Morethan10UnitedNationssoldiershavebeen h   XX    #3M2 F#XX23M killedIXXXX    XX    #3M2 ɍI#XX23M, IXXXX  ݀officialssay. T(#(# "3"  3K2#  4  .3  0    <( 4 <DLX<#XXXX #XXXXDoctorsWithoutBorders/_Mdecins_ԀSans_Frontires_#XXXXK#XXXXԀPressRelease, <( 4 <DLX<  XXXXXXXXX. XXXXԈ X XX.  #XX XXԈL#XXXXEscalating 0 ViolenceinPortauPrince,HaitiInflictsHeavyCivilianToll,(January19,2006).  MGXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX   4O  5   ! http://www.doctorswithoutborders.org/pr/2006/01-19-2006.htm6!OO5OX  7(sO 3K;K݌(#(# Ќ  <( 4 <DLX<0  #XXXXM#XXXXWithviolentattacksintensifyingandspreadingtomanypartsofHaiti'scapital,Portau  Prince,theinternationalmedicalhumanitarianorganizationDoctorsWithout | Borders/_Mdecins_ԀSans_Frontires_Ԁ(MSF)todaycalledonallarmedgroupsinthecityto h  respectthesafetyofciviliansandallowthosewoundedduringclashestohaveimmediate T! accesstoemergencymedicalcare.#XXXXP#XXXX@" (#(# 0   (#(# <( 4 <DLX<0  #XXXXES#XXXXInthelastseveralweeks,MSFmed_ical_Ԁandsurgicalteamshaveseenanalarmingincrease $h" ofpeopleneedingtreatmentforviolencerelatedinjuries,includingagrowingnumberof %T # gunshotandknifingvictims.#XXXXT#XXXX..<( 4 <DLX<#XXXXiU#XXXXNearly50percentofallMSFpatientstreatedforviolence %@!$ relatedinjuriesarewomen,children,orelderly.&,"%(#(#   #XXXXU#XXXX   `     h   "3"  3@W2#  5  .3  0    HumanRightsWatch,WorldReport2006:Haiti,(January18,2006). ($' 4moO  5  Ohttp://hrw.org/english/docs/2006/01/18/haiti12210_txt.htm6 XO4X  73\rX3@WmW݌)$((#(#    *%) <( 4 <DLX<  <( 4 <DLX<XXXXXXXX  0  Y  Haitisalreadybadhumanrightsconditionsworsenedin2005,itssecondyearunderan   unelectedinterimgovernment.Citingsummaryexecutions,mobviolence,tortureand  arbitraryarrests,theheadofthehumanrightssectionoftheUnitedNationsmissionin  HaititoldreportersinOctoberthatthecountryshumanrightssituationwas t  catastrophic.Itwasfarfromclear,aselectionsapproached,whetherfreeandfair ` pollingwouldbepossible.YZ݌L (#(# ЌXXXXXXXX   XX   0   (#(#  <( 4 <DLX<0  Withwavesofviolenceengulfingthecountry,especiallythecapital,PortauPrince,Haiti $ t remainsunstableanddangerous.InPortauPrinceclashesbetweenrivalcriminalgangs,  ` includingsomeassociatedwithformerpresidentAristide,resultdailyinciviliandeaths.  L  ArmedgroupsofAristidesupportershavesoughttospreadchaosandfearinhopesthat  8  thefailureoftheinterimgovernmenttostemtheviolencewillleadtoAristidesreturn.In $  theprovincesirregulararmedgroups,manymadeupofformermembersoftheHaitian   military,exercisedefactogovernmentalauthority.Formersoldiershavesetupbarracks   inpolicestationsandabandonedbuildings.Theymancheckpoints,conductsearches,   seizeweaponsfromcivilians(and,attimes,frompolice),makearbitraryarrests,andrun   theirownmakeshiftprisons.BecauseHaitisgovernmentinstitutionsarelargely p dysfunctionalanditssecurityforcesarewoefullyinadequate,abusesgounpunishedand \ violentcrimerateshavesoared. H   (#(#  <( 4 <DLX<0  Policelawlessnessisamajorcontributortooverallinsecurity.NotonlyaretheHaitian  p NationalPolice(_HNP_)largelyincompetentinpreventingandinvestigatingcrime,they  \ areresponsibleforfrequentarbitraryarrests,torture,beatings,andtheexcessiveand H indiscriminateuseofforceagainstdemonstrators.Theyalsofacecredibleallegationsof 4 extrajudicialexecutionsandofinvolvementindrugtraffickingandothercriminal   activity.  (#(# 0   (#(#  <( 4 <DLX<0  Policeperpetrateabuseswithalmosttotalimpunity. (#(# 0   (#(#  <( 4 <DLX<0  Haitisjusticesystemishardlyfunctional,sufferingfromcorruption,pol_iticization_Ԁanda l lackofpersonnel,trainingandresources.Intheprovincesjudgescomplainthereareno X  policetoexecutewarrantsandnoprisonsinwhichtokeepdetainees;fewcrimesareeven D! investigated. 0" (#(# 0   (#(#  <( 4 <DLX<0  Accountabilityforpastabusesremainsoutofreach.Indeed,significantregressoccurred $X" in2005,asexemplifiedmostdramaticallybythecaseofLouis_Jodel_Ԁ_Chamblain_, $D # formerlysecondincommandoftheparamilitaryRevolutionaryFrontfortheProgressand %0!$ AdvancementofHaiti(Front_Rvolutionnaire_Ԁpour_lAvancement_Ԁetle_Progrs_Ԁ_dHa5ti_, &"% _FRAPH_),responsibleforcountlessabusesduringthedefactomilitarygovernment.He '#& hadbeenconvictedinabsentiaofthe1993murderofaprominentHaitianbusinessman (#' andofthe1994_Raboteau_Ԁmassacre,buthesurrenderedtojudicialauthoritiesin2004to )$( exercisehisrighttoaretrial.Theconvictionswerereversed,andalthoughtheHaitian |*%) authoritiescontinuedtodetainhimforafewmonthsonotherallegations,theyreleased h+&* himinAugust2005.InarelateddevelopmentinearlyMay2005,HaitisSupremeCourt  (_Cour_ԀdeCassation)quashedthesentencesoffifteenotherformersoldiersand  paramilitarieswhohadbeenheldresponsibleforthe_Raboteau_Ԁmassacreinahistoric  2000trial.ThegroundsfortheSupremeCourtrulingwereextremelyflimsy. t(#(# 0   (#(#  <( 4 <DLX<0  Humanrightsdefenders,workinginadangerous,highlypoliticizedenvironment,face L  threatsandintimidation.Haitiisadangerouscountryforjournalistsaswell,whoface 8  threatsandviolencefortheirreporting.InJune2005,afterhavingreceivedseveral $ t _kidnapping_Ԁthreats,prominentradiojournalistNancyRocleftthecountrytogointoexile.  ` Afewweekslater,inmidJuly,newspaperandtelevisionreporterJacques_Roche_Ԁwas  L  abductedandbrutallymurderedbyunknownassailants._Roche_sbodywasfoundina  8  slumneighborhoodofPortauPrince;hehadbeentorturedandshotseveraltimes.U.N. $  envoytoHaitiJuanGabriel_Valdes_Ԁreportedlysaidthat_Roche_sdeath hasallthe   elementsofapoliticalmurder.  (#(# 0   (#(#  <( 4 <DLX<0  InNovember2005,agroupofhumanrightsattorneysfiledacomplaintwiththeInter   AmericanCommissiononHumanRightsallegingthatU.N.peacekeepingforceswere p involvedinmassacresinHaitiinJulyandAugust. \(#(#    `    "3"  <( 4 <DLX<UKUS.,39v2#  6  .3  0    AmnestyInternational,_Oxfam_ԀInternational,US.,UK.,v<( 4 <DLX<UKUS.,InternationalActionNetworkon 4 SmallArms, US.,UK.,wUKUS.,TheCallforToughArmsControls,US.,UK.,xUKUS.,Voicesfrom_Haiti,_US.,UK.,mxԀ(January9,  p 2006)4 O  5  Xhttp://web.amnesty.org/library/print/ENGAMR3600120066xO y  7_Hy 39vv݌ \(#(# Ќ     ` <( 4 <DLX<0  UKUS.,InjustonemedicalmissioninPortauPrince,some1,400peoplewereadmittedwith 4 gunshotwoundsbetweenDecember2004andOctober2005.Werestillreceivingthree   gunshotvictimsaday.Andtherearemorewhogotothegeneral[university]hospital"   orwhoarekilled,saidthemissionshead,Ali_Besnaci_Ԁof_Mdecins_Ԁsans_Frontires_.  Thisislikeawar.TherearealwaysconfrontationsbetweenthegangsandtheUN  peacekeepingforce,_MINUSTAH_.Many,ifnotmost,ofthevictimshavebeeninnocent  civilians.US.,UK.,zl(#(# 0   (#(# <( 4 <DLX<0  UKUS.,Humanrightsgroupshavedocumentedmurdersand_kidnappings_Ԁcommittedbythemany D! armedgroups,extrajudicialexecutionscarriedoutbythe_HNP_,anddeathsresultingfrom 0"  theallegedindiscriminateshootingbyUNtroops.(2)ThescaleofrapeinPortauPrince #l! isalsobelievedtobedirectlylinkedtotheproliferationofarms.US.,UK.,~$X"(#(# <( 4 <DLX<0  UKUS.,TheUNcivilianpoliceannouncedaninvestigationintotheexecutionsatFortNational, %0!$ butbyNovember2005,morethanayearlater,theystillhadnotmadetheirfindings &"% public.Thevictimsfamilies,suchas45yearoldUS.,UK.,UKUS.,_Celita_Ԁ_Poleus_US.,UK.,UKUS.,,arestilllookingfor '#& answers.Hersonwas22,inhisfinalyearathighschool. (#'  Aneighbour,whowasonaroofandcouldseewhathappenedbelow,toldmelaterthat |*%) thepolicekilledtwelvepeople.Theymade_Fanfan_Ԁcarrythebodiesandputtheminthe h+&* _policetrucks.Theymadehimfinishcarryingthebodies,andthentheykilledhim.They  blewawaytheentirebackofhishead.WhenhisfatherwenttotheGeneralHospital,he  foundlittleFanfanlyingonhisbackinthemorgue.Icoveredthebackofhisheadwitha  blackbag.Iburiedhimon11November. t  Celitabelievesthatitwasthepolicewhoshotherson"becausetheyweredressedlike L  police.Now,shefeelsthatshehasbeenforgotten.Wehaventfoundanyjustice. 8  MINUSTAHhasnevercomeheretotalkwithme.Sincemysondied,Iveneverseen $ t them. `  `(#(# 0   (#(# US.,UK.,<( 4 <DLX<0  UKUS.,PhilippeBranchatisarepresentativeoftheInternationalOrganizationforMigration,  8  whichmanagesUSAIDfundedcommunityprojectswhichaimtoreduceviolenceinpoor $  neighbourhoods.HesaysthatwhatismostneededinHaitiisjustice...Atpresentin   Haiti,impunityprevailsforpastandpresenthumanrightsabusesby,forexample,state   officialsandpoliceofficers.Thereisalackofrespectfortheruleoflaw,andofdue   processforprisoners,manyofwhomremaininprisonandhavenotbeenconvicted.   US.,UK.,҇UKUS., `     h     US.,UK., p  (#(# "3"  <( 4 <DLX<32#  7  .3  0    TimeMagazine, KidnappinganElection,(January9,2005). \ http://www.time.com/time/archive/preview/0,10987,1145229,00.html 3݌L(#(# Ќ  <( 4 <DLX<0  TwoHaitianpoliceofficersaresupposedtobestationedateachofsome800polling $t stations,butnooneislookingtothe6,000manforcetoprovidesecurityfortheelections ` oranythingelse.Mostconsiderthepolicepartoftheproblem."Theniceofficersarethe L oneswhotorturewithoutleavingblood,"saysahumanrightsspecialistwhospent 8 monthsgatheringdata."Highrankingpoliceofficers'involvementinillegalactivitieshas $ becomeinstitutionalized,"saysHaitiannationalpolicechiefMarioAndersol,whoadmits  thathelacksthemanpower,weaponsandinstitutionalcredibilitytoprovidethesecurity  hiscountrydesperatelyneeds.#XXXXV#